Total Net Radiative Forcing
This term describes a change in the balance between energy entering and leaving the Earth system, caused by greenhouse gases, aerosols, or other climate drivers.
What is radiative forcing?
This type of warming kick starts a feedback loop
What is initial warming
This term describes the change in Earth’s energy balance in units of W/m2
What is radiative forcing
These tiny particles are suspended in the atmosphere for days to weeks
What are Aerosols
An ice-albedo feedback can be considered a slow feedback if the size of the ice sheet is this
What is large
As a global sum aerosols produce this kind of radiative forcing
What is negative radiative forcing
This kind of feedback loop results in a sort of equilibrium
What is a negative feedback loop
The heat capacity of this prevents Earth’s temperatures from changing instantly
What is the ocean?
This type of aerosol generally reflects sunlight and produces a cooling effect
What is Sulfate Aerosol
Organic plant matter inside permafrost decay and releases carbon in form of these two chemicals
What is CO2 or CH4
When human activities add more energy to the Earth system than they remove, the net radiative forcing is this
What is positive?
This type of feedback accounts for more radiative forcing than any other feedback
What is the ice-albedo feedback loop
Temperature of the planet is a function of the solar constant, albedo, and…
What is the composition of the atmosphere?
Aerosol particles that help cloud droplets form are called these
What is CCN
If CO2 in our atmosphere doubled, the radiative forcing (RF) be
What is +4 W/m2
Between 1750 and 2018, human activities produced a total net radiative forcing of approximately this value.
What is +2.5 W/m²?
This term is used to indicated initial warming in a feedback loop equation
What is ΔTf
A positive RF value results in this effect on the climate
What is warming
This is the approximate total radiative forcing from direct and indirect aerosol effects
What is −1.1 W/m²
This is the slowest form of climate feedback
What is weathering thermostat
Imagine Earth receives 1 W/m² more energy but initially cannot increase its outgoing energy. This must eventually happen to restore energy balance?
What is the earth warming
The sum of the major 4 feedback loops falls within this range
What is 0.5-0.75w/m²
This is the value of ∆E-in if more GHGs are added to the atmosphere
What is zero
More aerosol particles can create more cloud droplets that are smaller and more reflective. This is called what?
What is indirect effect
Carbon dioxide contributes about this percent of the total radiative forcing coming from GHGs
What is 60%