Defenses to Crimes
A claim by a defendant that he or she acted involuntarily under the threat of immediate and serious harm by another.
What is duress?
This federal agency is responsible for protecting the United States from terrorist attacks, foreign intelligence and espionage, cyber-based attacks, and high-tech crimes and for combating public corruption at all levels
What is the FBI?
The _______ ______ of ________ refers to the number of crimes that are never reported, which makes it difficult to have a true grasp on the amount of crime in our nation.
What is the Dark Figure of Crime?
The process that ensures that citizens are protected from abusive power by the government is known as _____________.
Due Process
What the theories that share the assumption of free will and rational choice are commonly called.
What are the Classical School Theories?
An affirmative legal defense claiming that the defendant committed an act out of need..
What is necessity?
This law enforcement agency is the oldest in the Nation. (Looking at you Mariah - 4th period).
What is the Sheriff's Office?
Which agency is responsible for compiling the data for the UCR?
What is the FBI?
This Criminal Justice party has the authority to ultimately decide what charges will be filed against the defendant.
What is the prosecutor?
This theorist is credited with giving us the "criminal man" theory and was the first important positivist theory to emerge.
Who is Lombroso?
Claim that the defendant could not have been at the scene of the crime at the time that the crime was committed and offers witnesses who will testify to the fact.
What is alibi?
When first formed, this was the initial responsibility of the U.S. Secret Service.
What is investigating counterfeiting and currency violations?
True or False. Younger people, as a group, has the highest rate of victimization and are victimized more often than older persons
What is true?
The point in the criminal justice process is the defendant asked to enter a formal plea of either guilty or not guilty to the charges.
What is arraignment?
The concept of protecting the identity of juveniles charged with delinquency is rooted in this theory of criminology.
What is the Labeling Theory?
Special protection from the government against being prosecuted.
What is immunity?
This federal agency provides security for federal courts; is responsible for the movement, custody, and capture of federal prisoners; and provides protection of witnesses in federal cases.
What is the U.S. Marshals Service?
Name a weakness of the NCVS.
What is...
Household members who have previously withheld information about victimization from family members are not likely to report victimization to NCVS
Ability of recipients to fill out and return the survey
Self reported data may be inaccurate
The guilt of the defendant is determined through trial, plea-bargaining, or dismissal of charges, which is this stage of the criminal process.
What is adjudication?
True or false. Freud himself focused on the study of criminal behavior.
__________ Defenses are defenses in which the defendant has the burden of proof and has to raise the defense before trial or he/she loses the ability to claim the defense.
What is an affirmative defense?
This Theory believes that tolerating public order violations and disruptive behavior leads to community neglect, which fosters further disorder and crime.
Hint: Rudy Giuliani
What is the Broken Windows Theory?
Which statement is true regarding crime statistics?
Crime statistics ________...
a. Predict the future of crime
b. Are reported using a singular database in the U.S.
c. Are accurate
d. Indicate what crimes have occurred
What is indicate what crimes have occurred?
The ________ can be divided into law enforcement, prosecutors and the courts, probation and parole, and jails.
a. Due Process Model
b. Criminal Justice System
c. Consensus Model
d. Crime Control Model
What is the Criminal Justice System?
This theorist gave us the differential association theory which believes that criminal behavior is learned through association with a peer group that engages in criminal behavior
Who is Edwin Sutherland?