Criminal Trials
Money put down by defendant to ensure they will come to court
Bail
This country has the highest incarceration rate in the world.
The United States
This type of execution was popular with the French, and saw a large blade dropped on the necks of those being executed.
The Guillotine
This modern technology helped "prove" that children and adolescence were distinctly different from adults.
The MRI
What is it called when a defendant is released pre-trial without paying bail or bond, and agrees to show up for trial?
Released on their own recognizance (ROR)
Which term describes a facility that holds individuals who are serving short sentences or awaiting trial?
Jail
During this era, executions and punishments were made more humane and egalitarian.
The enlightenment era
This loose movement of female activists which sought to end the harsh punishment of juvenile offenders was called what?
The Child Savers
A plea accepting punishment without admitting guilt
Nolo contendere
This college experiment tested how students would use, or abuse, their power as they pretended to be prison guards over their classmates.
The Stanford Prison Experiment
This type of trial is used in death penalty cases and was given an extra, or second, phase of the trial.
Bifurcated trial
These types of offenses are only illegal for juveniles because they are below a certain age.
Status offenses
This rule states the prosecution must turn over any exculpatory evidence they come across to the defense attorneys.
The Brady Rule
This process of reconciliation emphasizes a holistic, community approach to justice rather than a punitive one. It's about repairing harm.
Restorative Justice
In what year was the death penalty reinstated, having been found to once again be consitutional in the U.S.?
1976
This state created the first juvenile court in the U.S. in 1899.
Illinois
This supreme court case determined unanimous agreement among jurors was neccesary to convict a defendant.
Ramos v. Louisiana
What is the name of the unit inside SCI Chester where prison official are experimenting with a more European-style of incarceration?
This Roman punishment for parricide, or the killing of one's parents, saw people beaten with rods, covered in a wolf skin, sewn into a sac with a rooster, a dog, a snake, and an ape, and thrown into the river.
Poena Cullei
Which Supreme Court case extended some due process protections to juveniles?
In re Gault