Cyber Terms
What is a password?
A secret word or phrase used to access data or systems.
What is a white hat hacker?
Ethical hacker who finds and fixes vulnerabilities.
What is identity theft?
When someone steals your personal information to pretend to be you.
What is antivirus software used for?
To detect and stop viruses/malware.
Trick you into giving personal info via fake emails or sites.
Phishing
Define "phishing"
A scam where someone tries to trick you into giving personal info by pretending to be legit.
What is a black hat hacker?
Criminal hacker with malicious intent.
Attacks on unknown security flaws before they’re fixed
Zero-day exploit
What is 2FA?
Short for two-factor authentication—adds extra layer of login security.
Malicious software that harms or takes over your device.
Malware
Define "firewall"
A tool that blocks unauthorized access to or from a network.
What is a gray hat hacker?
In-between hacker—may break in, but often without harmful intent.
What is social engineering?
Manipulating people into giving up confidential information.
How can you tell if a website is secure?
Look for HTTPS and a lock symbol in the browser.
Locks your files and demands money to unlock them.
Ransomware
Hacks databases by inserting malicious code into queries.
SQL Injection
What is a blue hat hacker?
Security testers hired to find bugs before a product launches.
What is medical identity theft?
When someone uses your name or insurance to get medical treatment.
How do strong passwords help?
They're harder to guess and reduce the chance of being hacked.
Floods a website with traffic to crash it and make it unusable.
DDoS
What are hashes & checksums used for?
To verify the integrity and authenticity of data/files.
What is a red hat hacker?
Vigilante hacker who attacks black hats and cybercriminals.
What is crypto jacking?
When hackers secretly use your computer’s resources to mine cryptocurrency.
Why is updating software important?
Updates patch security holes that hackers can exploit.
Hacker intercepts communication between two parties.
Man-in-the-middle