Epidemiology
A field of science that studies health problems within populations.
What is epidemiology?
The manner the disease moves to a new host.
What is mode of transmission?
The effort to prevent a disease or disorder before it happens
What is primary prevention?
An infected person or animal that contains, spreads, or harbors an infectious organism.
What is carrier?
The first disease case in the population.
What is primary case?
The traditional model for infectious disease.
What is epidemiology triangle?
Direct and immediate transfer of an agent from a host/reservoir to a susceptible host.
What is direct transmission?
Does not require behavior change on the part of the individual to prevent a disease or disorder from occurring.
What is passive primary prevention?
An individual who has been exposed to and harbors a disease-causing organism (pathogen) and who has done so for some time, even though he or she may have recovered from the disease.
What is active carrier?
A person who gets a disease from exposure to a person with the disease, or primary case.
What is secondary case?
A widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time.
What is an epidemic?
Transfer of bacteria or viruses on dust particles or on small respiratory droplets that may become aerosolized when individuals sneeze, cough, laugh, or exhale.
What is airborne transmission?
Behavior changes on the part of the individual that prevents disease or disorder before it happens.
What is active primary prevention?
Individual who harbors a pathogen and who, although in the recovery phase of the course of the disease, is still infectious.
What is convalescent carrier?
The first disease case was brought to the attention of the epidemiologist.
What is index case?
Study that search for causes and effects, or the why and the how.
What is analytic epidemiology?
The simple transfer of agents from one infected host or a contaminated substrate to a susceptible host occurs. Where a biological association between the pathogen and the vector is not necessary.
What is mechanical transmission?
Efforts to limit disability by providing rehabilitation where the disease, injury, or disorder has already occurred and caused damage.
What is tertiary prevention?
An individual who has been exposed to and harbors a pathogen; who is in the beginning stages of the disease; who is showing symptoms; and who has the ability to transmit the disease.
What is incubatory carrier?
Individual(s) who has all the signs and symptoms of a disease or condition but has not been diagnosed as having the disease or had the cause of the symptoms connected to a suspected pathogen.
Study of the distribution of disease in terms of person, place, and time
What is descriptive epidemiology?
Transfer of a pathogen to a susceptible host by a vector, with the pathogen undergoing reproduction, developmental changes, or both while in the vector.
What is biological transmission?
Reducing the impact of a disease or injury that has already occurred. By detecting and treating disease or injury as soon as possible to halt or slow its progress.
What is secondary prevention?
Individual who has been exposed to and harbors pathogen and who can spread the disease at different places or intervals.
What is intermittent carrier?
A standard set of criteria is applied in a specific situation to ensure that cases are consistently diagnosed, regardless of where or when they were identified and who diagnosed the case.
What is case definition?