I Kant Even
It's the name of the school of moral philosophy famously associated with Immanuel Kant.
What is deontology?
This philosophical tradition understands the kind of voluntary exchange we associate with civil society and the market to be natural and the State to be a conventional construction.
What is libertarianism?
This distinction is supposed to remind us that talking about what happens to be the case and what should be the case are two different things.
What is the Is-Ought distinction?
The Christian doctrine that says God is Father, Son, and Holy Spirit
What is the Trinity?
The philosopher most famously associated with Utilitarianism.
Who is Jeremy Bentham
Kant's term for that perfect duty that is an absolute, universal duty and not a hypothetical duty
What is the categorical imperative?
The name for the supposed logical error that we commit whenever we define "good" in terms of logical properties or assume that something is "good" because it is "natural."
What is the "naturalistic fallacy?"
These highly influential 20th century philosopher argued that rational and reasonable people could agree, if they abstracted away all their subjective biases and particularities, on certain principles that a just society must follow.
Who is John Rawls?
Up until the Reformation and the advent of Modernity, this pre-Christian philosophical tradition tended to be assumed and to be taken up and used by Christian thinkers to talk about Christian ethics.
What is the virtue ethics tradition?
This philosopher is frequently credited as being the founder of existentialism.
Who is Soren Kierkegaard?
Kant compared his own innovations in technology to this major event in the natural sciences?
What is the Copernican Revolution?
Early 20th philosopher who said "good" was an unanalyzable, non-natural property, analogous to "yellow."
Who is G.E. Moore?
This theory of ethics prioritizes justice and emphasizes the biblical language about God being found in and with the oppressed and the marginalized.
What is liberationist ethics?
He argued that history has a dialectical shape driven by class antagonism?
Who is Marx?
This is the kind of judgment Kant was interested in; not analytic a priori or synthetic a posteriori but...
These two philosophers (we've talked about) took Kant's move to internalize the rules of right reasoning and socialized and historicized "reason" so that the rules of logic look more like social norms than transcendent laws.
The name for the theory in MMP that holds that moral judgments like "stealing is wrong" are ultimately just expressions of emotion, like "boooo stealing!"
What is emotivism?
In addition to the theological virtues that are gifts of grace, theologians like Thomas Aquinas have discussed these attributes, which are the product of the indwelling grace of God.
What are the fruits of the Spirit?
Jeremy Bentham said humans were ruled by these two "sovereign masters."
What are pleasure and pain?
Heteronomy is when we are ruled by external, laws or by the laws of another. This includes our own natural inclinations and desires, which we do not choose, per Kant. What is the opposite of this, which Kant associated with genuine human freedom and morality?
What is autonomy?
Plato towards changing, material world;
Marx towards the laws and social mores of his day;
Descartes' method for arriving at an undoubtable foundation for certain knowledge;
Nietzsche towards Christian morality
What is skepticism?
MacIntyre says modern moral philosophy tends to imagine that philosophy is "purely analytical and does not commit the philosopher to any particular ethical views or moral judgments" and therefore has this position towards values and evaluation.
What is value-neutral?
What are the sacraments?
He argued that morality was an invention of slaves for the purposes of overpowering the nobles and the ruling classes.
Who is Frederich Nietzsche?