Health and Wellbeing
What is the current (1986) definition of health and wellbeing? Fill in the gaps.
‘The state of a persons _________, __________, __________, ___________ and __________ existence and is characterised by an ____________ in which the person feels _________, _________, _________ and ___________.
‘The state of a person’s physical, social, emotional, mental and spiritual existence and is characterised by an equilibrium in which the person feels happy, healthy, capable and engaged’.
Define Life Expectancy.
An approximation of the total number of years, starting at birth, that a person is expected to live.
Strengths –
Weaknesses –
What does HDI stand for?
The Human Development Index
What are the 3 elements of sustainable development?
- O
- P
- F
(extra points if you can describe what each means)
Ownership
- locals have a say and make decisions, so strategies meet local needs. This ensures that the program fits with the longer term needs and plans of the recipient country.
Partnership
- the participation of all stakeholders. (locals, local governments, NGOs).
Focus on Results
- The change that occurs.
- With reference to Health Status indicators
What is the 1946 (WHO) definition of health and wellbeing?
‘Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity’.
What is the difference between Mortality and Morbidity?
What are 5 foods and drinks that you should only eat sometimes and state why.
These are known as ‘discretionary foods’ (otherwise known as sometimes foods), which should be eaten in moderation.
Define Sustainability.
Sustainability refers to meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
The United Nations (UN) considers three dimensions of sustainability. What are they?
- Economic sustainability
- Social sustainability
- Environmental sustainability
Define either the physical and mental dimensions of health and provide an example (Extra points for defining both).
Physical Health relates to the functioning of the body and its systems, it includes the physical capacity to perform daily activities or tasks.
e.g., • Energy Levels • Ability to complete physical tasks e.g., work, chores, physical activities • Appropriate levels of fitness • Strong Immune system • Well-functioning body systems and organs • “Ideal body weight” • Freedom from illness, disease and injury
Mental Health is the current state of well-being relating to the mind or brain and it relates to the ability to think and process information.
e.g., • Low levels of stress and anxiety • Positive self esteem • High levels of confidence • Positive thought patterns • From opinions make decisions and use logic
What is the difference between Incidence and Prevalence?
What are 5 factors that influence food choice? (Think of social, environmental, cultural and financial factors).
What are the three objectives of the SDG’s?
State one social, one economic and one environmental characteristic of a DEVELOPED COUNTRY.
Social Characteristics
- Gender equality
- Low birth rates
- High levels of employment
- High levels of education
- Social security systems
- Developed health systems
- Access to technology
- Developed legal systems
- No history of colonisation
Economic Characteristics
- Manageable international debt
- Wide range of industries
- High average incomes
- Many opportunities for global trade
Environmental Characteristics
- Safe water and sanitation
- Access to food
- Adequate housing
- Adequate infrastructure
Define either the emotional or social dimensions of health and provide an example (Extra points for defining both).
Emotional health relates to the ability to express feelings in a positive way. It is about the positive management and expression of emotional actions and reactions.
e.g., • Recognise and understand a range of emotions. • Effectively respond to and manage emotions. • High levels of resilience. (REMEMBER R.U.M.)
Social health relates to the ability to form meaningful and satisfying relationships with others and the ability to manage or adapt appropriately to different social situations.
e.g., • A supportive network of friends • A supportive and well functioning family • Productive relationships with others • Effective communication with others
What is DALY? How is it calculated?
How does the Ottawa Charter improve the effectiveness of health promotion campaigns?
It provides organisations with guidance when creating health promotion programs. It makes them accountable, gets community involvement and encourages results bases.
What is zero hunger? (Think of the aims). What is a negative effect of hunger?
- end hunger and ensure access for all people, in particular the poor and people in vulnerable situations, such as infants, to safe, nutritious and sufficient food
- end all forms of malnutrition
- double agricultural productivity and incomes of small-scale food producers, and ensure equal access to land and resources
A NEGATIVE effect of hunger is malnutrition/starvation which can lead to death.
Explain why jobs are important for sustainability.
Jobs are important for Economic Stability.
Jobs increase the ability for individuals to make income. This income can be used to afford resources like healthcare, safe housing and food. When individuals earn money it also increases the countries GNI. More income also means that more people will pay tax. Tax enables countries to put money back into infrastructure, healthcare and education.
Define the spiritual dimension of health and provide TWO examples.
Spiritual health is not material in nature, but relates to ideas, beliefs, values and ethics that arise in the minds and conscience of human beings.
e.g., • A sense of belonging • Experiences peace and harmony • Act according to values and beliefs • Having a positive sense of meaning and purpose in life
What is Burden of Disease?
Measures the impact of diseases and injuries on a population. It measures the gap between current health status and an ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age free of disease and disability.
Select 2 of the 5 Ottawa Charter Action Areas. Describe in your own words, what they mean and provide an example for each.
BHPP - policy, laws, rules and regulations. e.g., Banning smoking in public places
CSE - Creating an environment that promotes healthy behaviours e.g., Shade sails/providing sunscreen for students OR creating culturally safe environments.
SCA - Bringing people together to make decisions and implement strategies to improve health. e.g., Community fun runs/neighbourhood watch programs
DPS - Education (Involves individuals gaining life skills and information through health promotion and education). e.g., Cooking classes at community health centres.
RHS - emphasises health promotion and prevention rather than just diagnosing and treating illnesses. e.g., Police working in schools to support road safety education.
What is one aim of the SDG 'QUALITY EDUCATION'. How can Quality education impact SDG 3 - GOOD HEALTH AND WELLBEING?
- ensure all children complete free, equitable and quality primary and secondary education
- ensure all children have access to quality early childhood development, care and pre-primary education
- ensure all adults have equal access to affordable and quality technical, vocational and tertiary education
When individuals experience poor levels of health and wellbeing, they may not have the opportunity to attend school. If individuals don’t attend school, their opportunity to find a job is also reduced, which ultimately means that they can not earn an income. Without an income, individuals would not be able to purchase resources such as clean water, food, safe shelter, healthcare, and education. This further reduces the health and wellbeing of individuals as it makes individual more susceptible to disease and preventable death.
What is one aim of the SDG 'GENDER EQUALITY'. How can Quality education impact SDG 3 - GOOD HEALTH AND WELLBEING?
- end all forms of discrimination against all women and girls everywhere
- end all forms of violence against women and girls, including human trafficking and sexual exploitation
- eliminate harmful practices, such as child, early and forced marriage and female genital mutilation
- ensure women’s full and effective participation and equal opportunities for leadership at all levels of decision making in political, economic and public life
When women and girls experience gender equality it is important for economic growth and ending poverty. Achieving gender equality means that more girls can access education and gain employment. This raises the GNI of countries and lowers infant and maternal mortality, due to increased health literacy. Education is the key to breaking the poverty cycle, more women and girls who are educated are more likely to prioritise education and pass on knowledge to future generations.