Int'l Law
One of the earliest leading theorist and writer of international law from the Netherlands
Who is Hugo Grotius?
The closest to a law-making body at the global level
What is the UN General Assembly?
A perspective that different cultures have different views on what constitutes a human right
What is cultural relativism?
The approach to the global economy that aims for the accumulation of national wealth via a trade surplus
What is Mercantilism?
Entering into force in 1970, this international treaty seeks to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons, promote peaceful nuclear energy, and advance disarmament, while recognizing only five states as official nuclear-weapon states.
What is the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT)?
Name three permanent international courts
What are the International Court of Justice (a.k.a., World Court), the International Criminal Court, and the World Trade Organization Dispute Settlement?
A set of rules, norms, procedures, and institutions that guide state behavior
What is an international regime?
This principle of the global trading system requires that if a member state grants a trade advantage—such as a lower tariff—to one trading partner, it must extend the same advantage to all other members of the organization.
What is the Most-Favored-Nation (MFN) principle?
The theory that countries should produce the goods and services they can produce most efficiently in comparison to other goods and services
What is the theory of comparative advantage?
Announced in a 1953 speech before the UN General Assembly, this initiative by U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower promoted sharing civilian nuclear technology while attempting to limit nuclear weapons proliferation.
What is Atoms for Peace?
_____ enabled the U.S. to avoid the World Court’s compulsory jurisdiction.
What is the Connally Reservation?
Created at the 1944 Bretton Woods Conference, this institution provides short-term financial assistance to countries facing balance-of-payments crises and monitors the global monetary system.
What is the International Monetary Fund (IMF)?
The principle that the International Criminal Court will not hear a case unless the domestic judicial system of the state in question is unwilling or unable to adjudicate the case in good faith
What is the principle of complementarity?
The trade principle that requires all GATT and WTO members to provide all other members equal access to their home market
What is the principle of nondiscrimination?
This international organization conducts inspections and safeguards to verify that civilian nuclear programs are not diverted to military purposes under the NPT.
What is the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)?
____ provides the basis for a system of collective security through peace enforcement authorized by the UN Security Council.
What is Chapter VII of the UN Charter?
International organizations whose members are governments through formal, binding international agreements
What are inter-governmental organizations?
The idea that states have the responsibility to protect their citizens from human rights abuses and if they fail to do so, other states should intervene
What is the Responsibility to Protect (R2P)?
This economic development strategy, widely used in Latin America from the 1930s to the 1970s, sought to reduce dependence on foreign manufactured goods by protecting domestic industries through tariffs, quotas, and state support.
What is the Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI)?
This country never joined the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) but tested nuclear weapons in 1974 and 1998, later receiving a controversial civilian nuclear cooperation agreement with the United States in 2008.
What is India?
Enforcement of international law mostly relies on ____.
What is self-help?
The measure with which the OPEC uses to regulate the price of oil in the international market
What is quota?
A military response to human rights abuses
What is humanitarian intervention?
The system in which a relative value of national currencies are set at pre-established levels in relation to one another or a precious metal like gold, and they are not allowed to fluctuate regardless of supply and demand
What is the fixed exchange rate system?
Under the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, this article commits nuclear-weapon states to pursue negotiations in good faith toward nuclear disarmament. Opened for signature in 1996, this treaty bans all nuclear test explosions but has still not entered into force because several specific states listed in Annex 2—whose ratification is required—have not ratified it.
What is the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT)?