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Phonetics
Phonology
Acquisition
Sociolinguistics
Historical
100
The articulatory difference between [s] and [z].
What is voicelessness/voicing?
100
A pair of words that have the same sounds except for one, and have different meanings.
What is a minimal pair?
100
The reason children are able to acquire their language rapidly with relatively scarce language input.
What is Universal Grammar/the innateness hypothesis?
100
The difference between two dialects and two languages.
What is mutual intelligibility?
100
A set of sounds that are in consistent correspondence in two (or more) related languages.
What is a sound correspondence?
200
The organ of the vocal tract responsible for nasality.
What is the velum?
200
The natural class of American English sounds that includes the phonemes /p t k/
What are the voiceless stops?
200
The stage of acquisition where the child produces CV syllables.
What is babbling?
200
A key phonological characteristic of the regional dialects in Boston, New York, and Savannah.
What is r-dropping?
200
ONE of the two superfamilies of languages that have been proposed in historical lingusitics.
What is Amerind/Nostratic?
300
The full articulatory description for the sound [ʤ].
What is a voiced palatal affricate?
300
The type of distribution when two phonetically similar sounds never occur in the same environment.
What is complementary distribution?
300
The age at which a child can perceive the difference between sounds that are NOT in his/her language.
What is newborn/under 6 months?
300
The reason why there are less dialect distinctions on the west coast of the United States than on the east coast.
What is dialect leveling?
300
The raising of long vowels and diphthongization of long high vowels in Middle English.
What is the Great Vowel Shift?
400
[pitsə]
What is pizza?
400
The phonemic analysis of the sounds [z] and [ʒ] in Southern Kongo, given the following data:
[kunezulu] 'heaven' [aʒimola] 'alms'
[nzwetu] 'our' [lolonʒi] 'to wash house'
What is two allophones of the same phoneme?
400
The phonological rule demonstrated by the following child language pronunciations:
[pun] 'spoon' [tiz] 'cheese'
[pen] 'plane' [kɪp] 'skip’
What is consonant cluster reduction?
400
The two main differences between pidgins and creoles.
What is a) the existence of native speakers and b) the existence of a more fully developed grammar?
400
A pair of words in different languages descended from the same common ancestor (often with similar sounds and meanings).
What are cognates?
500
[hu ɪz ðə ɑθər əv gʌləvərz ʧrævəlz]
What is "Who is the author of Gulliver's Travels?"
500
The two allomorphs of the Japanese formal affix AND their distribution, as illustrated in the following data:
[yob+imasu] '(formal) he calls'
[kak+imasu] '(formal) he writes'
[tabe+masu] '(formal) he eats'
[mi+masu] '(formal) he sees'
What are [imasu] and [masu], where [masu] occurs with vowel-final stems, and [imasu] occurs with consonant-final stems.
500
The phonological rule demonstrated by the following child language productions:
[fɑfi] 'coffee' [gɑgi] 'doggie'
[tæt] 'cat'
What is consonant harmony?
500
ONE linguistic difference (phonological, morphological, or syntactic) between SAE and AAE.
Varies. Answers may include: final consonant cluster reduction, r-deletion, diphthong reduction/monophthongization, loss of interdental fricatives, habitual "be", "there" replacement, etc.
500
The morphological change that led to English being an analytic language instead of a synthetic language.
What is loss of the morphological case system?