Linguistics Introduction
The scientific study of language
Switching between more than one language during one conversation.
What is codeswitching?
The study of speech sounds.
What is Phonetics?
The study of rules underlying the sound patterns in a language.
What is Phonology?
/ðə ˈrʌnər krɔst ðə ˈfɪnɪʃɪŋˈlaɪn/
What is 'the runner crossed the finish line'?
The linguist that introduced the concept of generative grammar
Who is Noam Chomsky?
Simultaneous acquisition of more than one language.
What is bilingualism?
A unit of sound that makes a difference in the meaning of a word.
What is a phoneme?
[tʰ] [kʰ] [pʰ]
What are allophones?
/kan aɪ liːv maɪ bækpæk æt rɪˈsepʃən/
What is, 'can I leave my backpack at reception,'?
What are Charles Hockett's design features that categorize human language and distinguish it from other communication signals?
The critical period for acquiring a first language.
What is early childhood to prepuberty?
A sound that is characterized by the closure of the vocal tract.
What is a consonant?
The process of making one sound more like a neighboring one.
What is assimilation?
/red ɪz maɪ ˈfeɪvrət ˈkʌlər/
A complex system of rules that governs how speakers organize sounds into words and words into sentences.
What is a grammar?
The position that children do not receive enough data to acquire language simply from what they hear alone.
What is the Poverty of the Stimulus Argument?
What is a vowel?
The process that results from an interaction between either front vowels or a /y/ glide and a neighboring alveolar consonant resulting in a fricative or affricate palatal consonant.
What is palatalization?
/ʃiː ɪz ˈveriː ˈɪntrəstəd ɪn ɪnvaɪrənˈmentəl ˈɪʃuːz/
What is, 'she is very interested in environmental issues,'?
A sentence that is possible in a language
What is a grammatical sentence?
Native language with full grammatical complexity that develops overtime from various languages coming into contact with one another.
What is a creole?
/pIt/ and /pit/
/bit/ and /bIt/
are examples of what?
What is a minimal pair?
The process causing two neighboring sounds to become less alike.
What is dissimilation?
/ðɪs ˈziːbrə hæz bɪn bɔt baɪ ðə zuː/
What is, 'this zebra has been bought by the zoo,'?
Phonetics, Phonology, Morphology, Syntax, and Semantics
What are components of grammar?
The process of figuring out a grammatical rule and applying it generally is?
What is a children's language mistake called 'overgeneralization'?
Vibration of the vocal chords
What is voicing?
The process causing a segment not present at the phonemic level to be added to the phonetic form of a word.
What is insertion or epenthesis?
/ðiː ɪŋglɪʃ drɪŋk ə lɔt ɔv bɪr/
What is, 'the English drink a lot of beer,'?
A set of rules common to all languages that is hypothesized to be a part of human cognition.
What is Universal Grammar (UG)?
A Pidgin
What is a simplified, nonnative "contact" language that develops to enable speakers of distinct languages to communicate.
Voicing, Place of Articulation, and Manner of Articulation are examples of...
What is the way consonants are described?
The process causing a segment present at the phonemic level to be deleted at the phonetic level of a word.
What is deletion?
/hiː roʊt ðiː əˈdres ɔn ðiː ˈenvəˌloʊp ɪn ˈpensəl/
What is, 'he wrote the address on the envelope in pencil,'?
This phenomenon happens unconsciously, without any direct instruction.
What is language acquisition?
The stages of language acquisition and general ages humans go through those stages.
What is babbling at 5-9m, one-word stage at 9-18m, two-word stage at 18-24m, early multiword stage at 24-30m, and later multiword stage at 30m+?
What is a dipthong?
The process causing a segment produced in the back of the mouth to change to be produced at the front of the mouth.
/let ʌs goʊ hæv ə drɪŋk ˈsʌmwer/
What is, 'let's go have a drink somewhere,'?
The process of gaining conscious knowledge of a language through instruction.
What is language learning?
Intermediate grammar that is influenced by both a persons L1 and L2.
What is interlanguage grammar?
The most common dipthongs in American English
What are /ay/, /aw/, /oy/ in APA
What is metathesis?
ðə kwɪk brawn fɑks ʤʌmps owvɚ ə lejzi dɑg
What is, 'the quick brown fox jumps over a lazy dog,'?
Binary settings of universal grammatical principles proposed to account for differences among languages.
What are linguistic parameters?
Children do not acquire language this way.
What is by analogy?
/iy/, /ey/, /uw/,/ow/ are examples of...
What are dipthongized vowels in American English that are transcribed using APA?
What multiple-rule processes has the word /pʌŋkɪn/ gone through?
What are deletion and assimilation?
fənɛtɪks ɪz ə plɛʒɚ