Intro to Logic

Beginnings

100

Philosophers argue to seek the...

Truth

200

What is an argument?

Rational reasons for or against an idea to discover truth

300

Give an example of a positive vs negative argument

Negative = emotional disagreement "you're wrong!"

Positive = collaborative reasoning defined truth "here's why this might work"

400

What does Philosopher stand for in Greek?

"Lover of wisdom"

(Greek: philos = loving, Sophia = wisdom)

Issues and Thinking

100

What do you always address first?

The issue

200

Give an example of an issue and its arguments

Should kids under 18 drink coffee?

--Kids shouldn't drink coffee because it affects sleep and growth 

300

Which of the Pevensies didn't have good critical-thinking skills in The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe?

Edmond

400

What is critical thinking?

Evaluating reasoning carefully

--Spots propaganda and faulty reasoning

Premises and (In)formal/Logic

100

What are premises?

Statement before a conclusion 

• Major premise = foundation 

• Minor premise = additional info

200

Major: all humans need oxygen 

Minor: Maria is a human 

Maria needs oxygen

300

Formal vs Informal Logic

Formal Logic: focuses on the argument structure ("bones")

Informal Logic: focuses on how arguments appear in everyday language ("skin")

400

Why study both?

• Formal logic -> sharpens structure ofarguments

• Informal logic -> improves reasoning inreal-life conversations

• Both = stronger thinking skills