The Glory Days of Rome
The major historical event in 476 CE is considered the end of the "Glory Days" and the beginning of the Middle Ages?
What is the Fall of the Roman Empire?
This major group made up the vast majority of the population in medieval Europe.
Who are the peasants?
What severe disease swept through 14th-century Europe, wiping out roughly one-third of the population?
What is the Black Death (or Bubonic Plague)?
What was a tithe?
What is a tax (portion of crops or earnings) paid regularly to support the Church?
What does the French word "Renaissance" literally translate to?
What is "Re-birth"?
Name two infrastructure or life-improving achievements developed by ancient Rome.
What are paved roads, concrete/arches, clean water systems/ aqueducts, sewers, or a 365-day calendar?
Unlike a freeman who could move or rent land, this type of peasant was legally tied to the lord's manor land and could not leave without permission.
What is a serf?
How did the massive reduction in population caused by the Black Death affect surviving peasants economically?
What is it created a severe labor shortage, allowing surviving peasants to demand higher wages.
Who occupied the highest level of authority in the Catholic Church hierarchy, seen as higher than kings?
Who is the Pope?
As towns grew toward the end of the Middle Ages, social power shifted from being based solely on land ownership to being based on what?
What is wealth and money?
The distance covered with the network of paved Roman roads stretch across the empire.
What is from Egypt to Britain (over 400,000km)?
In the feudal hierarchy, who held the most power, and who held the least?
Who held the most power: The King/ Monarchy
Who held the least: Peasants/ Serfs
The long-running war between England and France broke out in 1337 and led to high taxes on peasants?
What is the Hundred Years' War?
What centers served as the primary locations for education, research, and early universities during the Middle Ages?
What are monasteries?
What were Sumptuary Laws?
What are laws that regulated spending/consumption and restricted what different social classes could wear or buy?
The Roman Empire split into two parts before its collapse this is what the Eastern portion was called.
What is the Eastern Roman Empire (or Byzantine Empire)?
Name the association of craftspeople or tradespeople that controlled the production, quality, and trade of goods in medieval towns.
What is a guild?
How did the Black Death change the general European worldview regarding God and the Church?
What is people began to doubt or question the Church because prayer and repentances didn't stop millions from dying, making them feel abandoned by God.
Because they were barred from many mainstream professions, Jewish people in medieval Europe often worked in these specific roles.
What are jewelers, bankers, merchants, and physicians?
Why did rulers and nobles introduce Sumptuary Laws as the merchant class gained wealth?
What is to prevent wealthy commoners and merchants from dressing like or appearing equal to the aristocracy?
The Roman medical view regarded how people got sick
What is the belief that sickness had a natural cause and could be prevented through hygiene and cleanliness?
Why were stone walls constructed around medieval towns?
What is to protect the citizens inside?
Name the two historical figures who held opposing views on the Peasants' Revolt—one seeing it as unjust treatment, the other seeing it as a lawless mob.
Who are John Ball and Jean Froissart?
What map from around the 1300s placed Jerusalem/the Holy Land in the middle, reflecting the religious worldview of the era?
What is the Psalter Map?
What three social classes made up the new social ladder structure as power shifted away from feudalism?
What are the Aristocracy (Top), Middle Class (Middle), and Lower Class (Bottom)?