Central Ideas
Author’s Purpose
Text Evidence
Inferences
Figurative Language
100

This is the main idea an author wants readers to remember.

A central idea

100

The reason an author writes a text.

Author’s purpose

100

You must always do this when making a claim about a text.

Cite evidence

100

A good inference is also called this.

A logical conclusion

100

A comparison using “like” or “as.”

A simile

200

One central idea of Down Down Down is that the ocean has many layers. Another is this.

Each layer contains unique creatures and conditions

200

Steve Jenkins organizes Down Down Down by layers of the ocean to do this.

Help readers understand structure and depth

200

Text evidence can be a direct quote or this.

A paraphrase

200

You make an inference when the text does not state the answer but you do this.

Read between the lines

200

A comparison without “like” or “as.”

A metaphor

300

This connects two central ideas in a text.

A relationship or theme

300

An author may write to inform, persuade, or do this.

Entertain

300

When citing, you must also explain this.

How the evidence supports your answer

300

In Down Down Down, if the text says animals glow in the deep sea, you can infer this.

Light is scarce and glowing helps survival

300

Giving human qualities to non-human things.

Personification

400

Explain how one section of Down Down Down develops a central idea.

By describing how creatures adapt to pressure or darkness

400

Including illustrations of sea animals in Down Down Down serves this purpose.

Help readers visualize and learn

400

This type of evidence comes directly from the text.

Explicit evidence

400

This skill combines evidence and reasoning.

Inference-making

400

An extreme exaggeration.

Hyperbole

500

Compare how two sections of a text develop the same central idea.

Showing similar evidence in different ways

500

Compare author’s purposes in two accounts of the same event.

One may inform while the other persuades

500

Making inferences requires combining text evidence with this.

Background knowledge

500

Explain how making inferences improves comprehension.

It helps readers understand deeper meaning

500

Identify the figurative language: “The ocean’s floor is a desert.”

A metaphor