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This disorder involves intense and persistent fear of a specific object or situation, even when the person knows the fear is irrational.
What is a specific phobia?
He developed the theory of classical conditioning after observing that dogs could learn to salivate to a neutral stimulus.
Who is Ivan Pavlov?
What are the universal emotions that humans recognize across cultures (AKA Primary Emotions)?
Happiness, sadness, fear, anger, disgust, and surprise.
What is the term for when people help others without expecting anything in return?
Altruism.
True or False? Humans tend to like familiar things more than unfamiliar things.
True.
A person has recurrent, unexpected panic attacks and begins avoiding places where they fear another attack might happen.
What is panic disorder?
This behaviorist is known for his research on operant conditioning and the use of reinforcement and punishment.
Who is B. F. Skinner?
What is the term for the facial expression rule that teaches us which emotions are appropriate to display in certain social situations?
Display rules.
What is the uncomfortable feeling we get when our actions and beliefs don’t match, often motivating us to change one of them?
Cognitive dissonance.
True or False? Humans underestimate the amount of control they have over random events.
False
Someone shows a depressed mood for most of the day, loss of interest, changes in sleep and appetite, and fatigue for at least two weeks.
What is major depressive disorder?
This developmental psychologist proposed attachment styles such as secure, avoidant, and ambivalent.
Who is Mary Ainsworth?
Which theory of emotion proposes that bodily arousal happens first and the feeling of emotion comes second?
James-Lange theory.
What is the phenomenon where individuals lose self-awareness and self-restraint when part of a large group?
Deindividuation.
People tend to rate themselves as better-than-average on most traits—like driving, kindness, or intelligence. What bias is this?
The better-than-average effect.
A client has two or more distinct personality states, along with memory gaps for everyday events and personal information.
What is dissociative identity disorder?
This researcher is famous for discovering classical conditioning in emotional responses with conditioned fear reactions.
Who is John B. Watson?
What is it called when we mistakenly interpret our physiological arousal as being caused by the wrong thing?
Misattribution of arousal.
What is the unconscious attitude or stereotype that affects understanding, actions, and decisions?
Implicit bias.
Humans often believe they predicted an outcome after it occurs, even when they didn’t. What is this bias?
Hindsight bias.
A person experiences delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking, and impaired functioning for at least six months, with at least one month of active symptoms.
What is schizophrenia?
He developed social learning theory and conducted the famous Bobo doll experiment demonstrating that children learn through observation.
Who is Albert Bandura?
Which part of the brain is most associated with processing fear and emotional learning?
The amygdala.
What is it called when the presence of others discourages an individual from intervening in an emergency?
The bystander effect.
What do psychologists call the mental shortcut that leads us to make quick judgments?
A heuristic.