Memory
The process of keeping information in short-term memory by mentally repeating it.
What is rehearsal?
When a neutral stimulus evokes a response after being paired with a stimulus that naturally evokes a response
What is classical conditioning?
The technique that is MOST effective for learning school-related material.
What is practice testing?
A temporary state that includes unique subjective experiences and physiological activity, and that prepares people for action
What is emotion?
An internal state caused by physiological needs
What is a drive?
The ability to recall information more efficiently when you are in the same state as when the information was encoded
What is state-dependent retrieval?
Dogs salivating at the sound of a metronome in Pavlov's research
What is the conditioned response in Pavlov's research?
Repeatedly studying information with little or no time between repetitions (a.k.a cramming).
What is massed practice?
The two dimensions of emotions
What are valence and arousal?
The motivation that encourages taking actions that lead to a reward.
What is extrinsic motivation?
A type of explicit memory that consists of a collection of past personal experiences that occurred at a particular time and place
What is episodic memory?
A human infant conditioned to fear a white rat.
Who was Little Albert?
Learning that takes place largely independent of awareness of both the process and the products of information acquisition
What is implicit learning?
The idea that emotional expressions can cause emotional experiences
What is the facial feedback hypothesis
The motivation not to experience a negative outcome
What is avoidance motivation?
The intrusive recollection of events we wish we could forget
What is persisitence?
Any stimulus or event that decreases the likelihood of the behavior that lead to it
What is a punishment?
Cells in the brain that fire both when an animal performs an action and when it watches that action performed
What are mirror neurons?
The number of universal human emotions
What is five?
According to terror management theory, we manage our existential terror by creating these
What are cultural worldviews?
Hermann Ebbinghaus studied memory by using these
What are nonsense syllables?
Any stimulus or event that is removed to increase the likelihood of the behavior that leads to it
What is a negative reinforcement?
The tendency of a previously extinguished behavior to reoccur following a rest period
What is spontaneous recovery?
The part of the brain that appraises the emotion-relevant aspects of a stimulus.
What is the amygdala?
Risk-taking is increased when choice scenarios are discussed in these terms
What are potential losses?