Learning
When a child receives an A on an exam, they are rewarded with ice cream. They learn to keep trying to get As to get an ice cream reward. This is an example of ____________. Bonus points for what type of conditioning this is!
Positive reinforcement. Operant conditioning
It is difficult to describe exactly how to eat with a fork, but for those who know how to do so, the skill is completed without conscious recall of how to do so. This best describes:
Procedural learning
What is a a familiar or typical instance of a concept?
A prototype
Making predictions about how feel in the future is called____________
affective forecasting
What are the two types of amnesia and the definition of them?
Retrograde (past events) and anterograde (You can't form future memories).
The _____________ is a formerly neutral stimulus that acquires the capacity to elicit a reflexive response
Conditioned stimulus
The process of retaining information in memory so that it can be used at a later time
Storage
What is semantics and what is syntax?
Meaning of words. The arrangement of words
What are the five basic emotions?
Happiness, sadness, anger, disgust, and fear
What are the neurons that are active both when individuals perform an action and when they observe the same action in another individual?
Mirror neurons
When you hear the jingle of a fast food place, you immediately feel hungry. This is an example of ___________.
Classical conditioning
Classical conditioning creates associations between two stimuli, whereas operant conditioning demonstrates that a behavior leads to a consequence
What is the memory that involves the perception of sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch information entering through the sensory cortices of the brain and relaying through the thalamus? It lasts only milliseconds
Sensory memory
What decision making strategy involves evaluating each option by important feature and eliminating the option that doesn't fit the criteria?
Th elimination-by-aspects model
What are the three components of emotions?
Cognitive, physiological, and behavioral
How is intelligence calculated?
(mental age/chronological age * 100)
A high-school piano player watches videos of other famous musicians. They pay attention to details such as how they sit at the piano and hand follow through patterns, then try to mimic the behavior themselves. This is an example of:
Observational learning
According to the principle of ________, successful retrieval from long-term memory is most likely to occur when the mood of the person at retrieval is similar to the mood of the person of when the information was encoded.
State dependent retrieval or mood dependent retrieval
What is one type of study that can determine if intelligence is influenced by nature or nurture?
Twin studies
What is the ability to understand and manage your own emotional experiences?
Emotional intelligence
What part of the brain is associated with memories?
Hippocampus
Reinforcement given after behavior is completed a fixed number of times
Fixed ratio
What is the term for when many people have the same specific false memory?
The Mandela effect
Describe the linguistic relativity hypothesis
All languages are fundamentally the same in their impact on cognition.
Differences among language causes differences in the thoughts of their speakers
Language determines how you perceive and “Carve up” your world
What theory of emotion suggests that emotion is the interaction of physiological arousal and cognitive label that we apply to explain arousal?
Schachter-Singer Two-Factor Theory
Sarah wants to teach her child, Jo, how to wash his hands in a particular sequence. At first, every time Jo turns on the sink before dinner, she is given a treat. In the next step, every time Jo puts her hands under the water. In the next step, every time Jo turns off the sink she is rewarded with a treat. Finally, when Jo presses does the full process, she's given a treat. This best describes:
Shaping