Types of Memory
Brief recordings of surroundings that leave impressions; lasts about 2-5 seconds
Sensory Memory
The process of getting information into the memory system
Encoding
A highly detailed, vivid ‘snapshot’ of an significant, emotional moment or event.
Flashbulb Memories
This shows that when you first learn something, the information disappears at an exponential rate. In other words, you lose most of it in the first couple of days and then continue to lose information steadily with time.
The Forgetting Curve
Chunking
Holds 5-9 items for a brief amount of time (about 30 seconds); also known as "working" memory
Short Term Memory
The process of retaining encoded information over time
Storage
This was studied by Elizabeth Loftus and is the distorted recollection of an event OR the recollection of an event that never actually happened
False Memories
A German psychologist that did memory studied on himself that created The Forgetting Curve.
Hermann Ebbinghaus
Most adults can store between 5 and 9 items in their short-term memory. What is this called?
Miller's Magic Number
The relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system
Long-Term Memory
Retrieval
Steve Titus's trial shows that ________ can be unreliable because memory is malleable (changeable).
Eyewitness Testimonies
A method proposed by Hermann Ebbinghaus to help retain memory by considering the meaning of or making connections to the information needing to be remembered.
Elaborative Rehearsal
When we try to retrieve a long list of words we usually recall the last words and first words best, forgetting the words in the middle
Serial Position Effect
Memories that a person can "declare" or SAY they did or learned.
Explicit Memory
The feeling that a memory is available but not quite retrievable; often occurrs when someone is trying to remember a word or name.
Tip-of-the-Tongue State
This researcher discovered the misinformation effect; the tendency for post-event information to interfere with the memory of the original event.
Elizabeth Loftus
A method proposed by Hermann Ebbinghaus to help retain memory by repeatedly saying or thinking about a piece of information.
Maintenance Rehearsal
This occurs when a memory was never formed in the first place and is not stored ("In one ear and out of the other")
Encoding Failure
Memories that a person unconsciously does; they show their memory of how to DO something
Implicit Memory
A clue or prompt that is used to trigger or help the brain get information out of memory storage
Retrieval Cue
This was a tragic case when a man was arrested because he sort of matched the physical description of, and drove a similar car to, a man who had raped a woman in his area. When identified, the victim was convinced he was guilty though the real perpetrator wasn't in the line-up.
Steve Titus' Trial
Amnesia / Retrograde Amnesia
Scuba divers recall more words underwater if ty learned the list underwater. What is this an example of?
Retrieval Cue (Context)