This is one of the three dimensions to classify consonants; it is based on the vibration of the vocal folds (or lack thereof).
What is voicing?
100
This is the way people naturally use language in everyday speech; it may deviate from the "standard" way of speaking.
What is descriptive grammar?
100
This is the frequency of vocal folds vibration. It corresponds with pitch.
What is the fundamental frequency?
100
The smallest units of meaning or grammatical function in a language, e.g., "tree", "-ing".
What are morphemes?
100
When a speaker knows the word needed but cannot retrieve it, he/she is experiencing this phenomenon.
What is tip-of-the-tongue?
200
This is the rhythm and intonation of speech, including stress, tones, pitch, etc.
What is prosody?
200
This system consists of general principles that are the same for all languages, and specifies the ways languages can differ.
What is Universal Grammar?
200
This is the filter in the source-filter model.
What is the vocal tract?
200
This kind of morphemes are also called affixes.
What are bound morphemes?
200
Saying “shake a tower” for "take a shower" is an example of this speech error.
What is segment (sound) exchange?
300
If exchanging one phoneme for another creates a change in meaning (e.g., fan - van), the two phonemes are said to be in this distribution.
What is contrastive (overlapping) distribution?
300
This type of verbs require two arguments, a subject and a direct object.
What are transitive verbs?
300
This phenomenon means articulation for one phonological segment is influenced by its preceding and following segments.
What is coarticulation?
300
This kind of bound morphemes mark features like tense, number, gender, and case, without changing the meaning of the stem.
What are inflectional morphemes?
300
"The caregiver of the children are loving and patient" is an example of this speech error.
What is plural attraction?
400
This term refers to one or more syllable-final consonants (e.g., "st" in "last").
What is a coda?
400
In the sentence "I believe I'll pass the exam", "I'll pass the exam" is called a ______.
What is a sentential complement?
400
A vowel's quality (e.g. whether it's [i] or [a]) is mostly determined by its first two ____.
What are formants?
400
This kind of words are also called closed class words.
What are function words?
400
Semantically based speech errors occur in this step of speech planning.
What is lexical retrieval (lexical access)?
500
These are the varieties of the same phoneme; the difference among them is usually unnoticeable for native speakers.
What are allophones?
500
A constituent consisting of an NP and a VP; it can be either an independent sentence or embedded in another sentence.
What is a clause?
500
This is the length of time from the release of a stop consonant to the vibration of the vocal folds. It's longer for voiceless stops than for voiced stops.
What is voice onset time (VOT)?
500
This is the information about a word's essential meaning, shared by all speakers of a language.
What is lexical semantics?
500
This phenomenon means if you have just produced a sentence with a certain syntactic structure, you're more likely to use the same structure for a subsequent sentence as well.
What is syntactic priming (syntactic persistence)?