Foundations of Psychology
What is Psychology?
The basic building block or cell of the nervous system that transmits messages.
What is a Neuron?
REM is the stage of sleep where most dreaming occurs. REM stands for this. Most dreaming occurs. REM stands for this.
What is Rapid Eye Movement?
In Ivan Pavlov’s famous experiment, the dogs salivating to the sound of the bell is an example of this type of conditioning.
What is Classical Conditioning?
This book, known as the DSM-5, is used by psychologists to do this.
What is Diagnose psychological disorders
This historical perspective, associated with Charles Darwin, focuses on how human thoughts, behaviors, and emotions have evolved from human ancestors.
What is the Evolutionary Perspective?
This lobe at the back of the brain is primarily responsible for processing visual information.
What is the Occipital Lobe?
Alcohol, Valium, and Opiates fall into this category of drugs because they slow down the central nervous system.
What are Depressants?
This is the capacity of Short-Term (Working) Memory
What are 5-9 items?
This disorder is characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and actions (compulsions).
What is OCD (Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder)?
In an experiment, this is the variable that the researcher manipulates to see if it causes a change.
What is the Independent Variable?
This division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the "Fight or Flight" response, increasing heart rate and breathing.
What is the Sympathetic Nervous System?
This sleep disorder is characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings.
What is Sleep Apnea?
In Operant Conditioning, this occurs when a behavior is followed by the removal of an unpleasant stimulus, which increases the likelihood of the behavior happening again (e.g., taking aspirin to remove a headache).
What is Negative Reinforcement?
This is the name for the rules and expected behaviors for members of a group, culture, or society.
What are social norms?
Which of the following correlation coefficients represents the strongest relationship: $r = 0.50$, $r = 0.05$, or $r = -0.85$?
What is $r = -0.85$? (The strength is determined by the absolute value/distance from zero, regardless of positive or negative direction).
In 1848, an explosion drove a tamping iron through this railroad worker's left frontal lobe; his survival and subsequent personality change provided early evidence that different parts of the brain control different mental functions.
Who is Phineas Gage?
This term describes the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses to experience the drug's effect.
What is Tolerance?
The "scent" of pine needles or gingerbread often triggers vivid memories of past holidays. This is because the sense of smell is processed near this brain structure, which is responsible for memory.
What is the Hippocampus?
Deviance, Distress, and Dysfunction are often referred to as this "lettered" list when defining abnormality.
The 3 D's
The APA (American Psychological Association) established strict ethical guidelines after controversial experiments like Zimbardo’s Prison Study and this experiment by Stanley Milgram, which tested obedience to authority using fake electric shocks.
What is the Milgram Experiment?
This hemisphere of the brain is responsible for the production of speech, logical thinking, and mathematics.
What is the left hemisphere?
This stage of sleep is characterized by the brain producing these large, slow brain waves.
What is NREM-3 Sleep?
A slot machine rewards players after an unpredictable number of plays. This is an example of which schedule of reinforcement?
(variable ratio, fixed ratio, variable interval, fixed interval)
What is a Variable Ratio Schedule?
This type of depression is related to changes in seasons, typically occurring in the winter months when there is less sunlight.
What is SAD (Seasonal Affective Disorder)?