The Self
This concept by Charles Cooley says we develop our sense of who we are by interpreting how we think others see and react to us
What is the looking-glass self?
Values, language, rituals, family, and humor are examples of these features that all cultures share because they relate to survival and shared human experience.
What is a cultural universal?
(ex., marriage as a ritual)
This framework states that the way a person experiences the world is shaped by their race, gender, sexual orientation, ability, size, class, etc.
What is intersectionality.
This theory by Erving Goffman describes life as a performance, including key concepts like front and backstage, and impression management.
What is dramaturgy?
This type of deviance occurs after being labeled as deviant.
What is secondary deviance?
This idea says that infants do not see themselves as separate beings at first and must develop self-awareness over time.
What is the theory of mind?
(reference the false belief test for more studying on this subject!)
Microcultures that reject some or all of the dominant culture’s values and norms, such as certain radical political groups, are known by this term.
What are countercultures?
(ex., the 1960's Hippies movement)
This theory explains the process of socially constructing identities and sorting people into them in a systematic way.
What is social identity theory?
This concept explains how some identities stand out more than other identities that are assumed to be the norm.
What is marked identity?
OR What is marked vs unmarked identities?
This perspective claims that deviance results from power imbalances in society.
What is conflict theory?
This idea says that the stories we tell about ourselves are constantly constructed and reconstructed from memories, which are not always accurate.
What is the self as narrative?
Family, school, peers, media, and church are all examples of this kind of institution that helps teach people how to behave in their culture.
What are agents of socialization?
This term describes the dislike people hold toward people outside of their group.
What is in-group bias?
This concept illustrates individual behavior marked by prejudice.
What is interpersonal discrimination?
This term explains the process by which deviant identities are assigned.
What is labeling?
In George Herbert Mead’s theory, this term describes an abstract mental model of “society as a whole” or “types of people,” which helps us know how to act in almost any social situation.
What is the generalized other?
This term describes the attitude that “my culture’s way of doing things is best,” and is closely linked to cultural imperialism.
What is ethnocentrism?
The idea that my group is better than your group describes this concept.
What is positive distinction?
This term talks about what the acceptable moral beliefs are within a social group.
What are mores?
These 5 theories fall under deviance.
What are strain theory, labeling theory, differential association theory, social disorganization theory, and neutralization theory?
This research method involves a one-on-one conversation between a researcher and a participant using open-ended questions, which is then transcribed, coded, and analyzed for patterns instead of following a strict script.
What is in-depth interviews?
This type of socialization happens when a person enters a new social position—such as starting a new school—and must learn new norms and values or fine-tune the ones they already have.
What is secondary socialization?
This concept by W.E.B. Du Bois explains that White people at the bottom of the hierarchy of Whiteness are still provided a sense of racial superiority over other racial groups.
What is psychological wage?
This concept is a tool of social control that enforces or deters behavior, and can be formal or informal.
What are social sanctions?
This term, coined by Durkheim, talks about feelings of hopelessness and loss of purpose in a normless environment.
What is anomie?