Basic Concepts
What does IDEA stand for?
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
Students with this disability show deficits in adaptive behaviors like communication, self-care, social skills, academics self-direction, health and safety
Intellectual and developmental disabilities
3 perspectives of deafness
Disability, logistics, and culture
This instructional tool describes a story from the student's perspective
What is a social story?
4 factors that shape your views and beliefs as an educator
1. Race 2. Culture 3. Socioeconomic status 4. Ability status
Describe the 3 tiers of Response To Intervention
Tier I- Assessment, instruction and prevention for the whole school.
Tier II- Targeted supports and interventions (small groups).
Tier III- Students who did not improve from Tier I and II and need individualized interventions and progress monitoring.
This disability can have a major impact on early learning
What is a speech or language disorder?
Leading cause of intellectual disabilities
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome-- affects 2/3 of all students with special education (Friend, 2018, p. 237)
2 Strategies for students with speech & language disorders
1. articulation therapy
2. augmentative & alternative communication (Friend, 2018)
What should you do if the priorities of the student and their family are different from your own goals?
Possible answers: Build the relationship, build trust, "foster collaboration by engaging parents as partners" in planning the child's education (Friend, 2018, p. 254). Honor the family's priorities.
Define: Inclusion
The idea that everyone in the school community is responsible for educating all students so each child can reach their full potential (Friend, 2018)
Name 3 characteristics of autism
1. affects verbal and nonverbal communication
2. adversely affects the child's educational performance
3. repetitive activities
Length of time a student must be experiencing problems with cognition, psychological processing, academics, social or emotional functioning, or behavior for it to be considered a learning disability
at least 6 months
3 strategies for students with intellectual and developmental disabilities
1. Clear rules 2. Task analysis (break down into small steps and teach those steps) 3. peer mediated instruction (Friend, 2018)
3 possible reasons why boys are 9x more likely to be identified as having ADHD
1. "Girls may display lower levels" of the same ADHD symptoms that boys display (Friend, 2018, p.165) 2. Teachers' perceptions are shaped by cultural/societal gender norms 3. Girls may be socialized to mask some of their ADHD behaviors
Define: Least Restrictive Environment
Regulation that requires schools to include students with disabilities in the general education classroom as much as possible using aids and supports
Name 3 social-emotional characteristics for students with physical and health disabilities
1. bullying 2. self-esteem 3. anger toward their situation
Cognitive problems caused by ADHD
Behavior inhibition, self-regulation, executive function
For students with learning disabilities in general education
Create materials adjusted for the student's reading level, assistive technology, peer supports (Friend, 2018)
Name one way for schools to improve the school environment for students with disabilities
Possible answers: Whole-school social emotional learning that promotes tolerance and acceptance to prevent bullying; hiring school-based mental health professionals; assistive technology; inclusive classrooms; afterschool groups and clubs; etc
Challenges in implementing an IEP
Name 4 characteristics of ADHD
1. Working memory 2. Self-talk 3. Control of emotions and motivation 4. Planning (reconstitution aka ability for analysis & synthesis)
Name 3 things that fall into the category of "Other Health Impairments" that can adversely affect a child's academics
Possible answers: asthma, ADHD/ADD, diabetes, epilepsy, heart condition, sickle cell, hemophilia, lead poisoning, leukemia, etc
3 types of assessments for students with intellectual and developmental disabilities
Person-Centered planning, Functional Ecological Assessment, Portfolio assessments
How can educators navigate providing services for students who fall into disability categories with confusing or problematic definitions? (ex. Emotional disturbance, gifted and talented)
Possible answers: be aware of one's own biases; collaborate with other school professionals; collect data; provide evidence for decisions