Variables
This type of variable can take on any value between two points and is often measured, like height or weight.
What is a continuous variable?
This type of sampling gives every individual in the population an equal chance of being selected.
What is random sampling?
This scale has categories without any meaningful order, like types of transportation.
What is a nominal scale?
This is the variable that researchers measure to determine the effect of the independent variable.
What is the dependent variable?
These statistics are used to summarize and describe data from a sample.
What are descriptive statistics?
This variable type consists of separate, distinct values that cannot be subdivided, like the number of students in a class.
What is a discrete variable?
This occurs when a sample over-represents one group, leading to conclusions that cannot be generalized to the population.
What is sampling bias?
This scale allows for meaningful differences between values but does not have a true zero, such as temperature in Celsius.
What is an interval scale?
This error occurs when researchers conclude there is a relationship between variables when there isn’t.
What is a Type I error?
This type of statistic helps researchers draw conclusions about a population based on a sample.
What are inferential statistics?
This variable is manipulated by the researcher in an experiment to see its effect on the dependent variable.
What is the independent variable?
A sampling technique used when the population is divided into subgroups, and samples are taken proportionally from each group.
What is stratified sampling?
This scale has a true zero point, allowing for meaningful multiplication and division, like weight or height.
What is a ratio scale?
In this type of research design, participants are randomly assigned to different groups, such as control and experimental.
What is an experimental design?
This statistic can help researchers determine if the average amount of exercise differs among students in different years of university.
What is the F statistic?
A scale of measurement where values can be ranked, but the differences between them are not meaningful.
What is an ordinal scale?
The small difference between a sample statistic and the true population parameter is called this.
What is sampling error?
On this scale, you can rank values, but the differences between them are not equal or meaningful.
What is an ordinal scale?
A research method where participants are observed in their natural environment without manipulation is called this.
What is non-experimental or observational research?
This concept describes the probability that the results from a sample differ from the population due to chance.
What is sampling error?
This type of variable influences both the independent and dependent variables, distorting the results of the study.
What is a confounding variable?
In this scenario, a teacher surveys only the front row of students about their test scores and concludes the entire class did well.
What is a biased sample?
If a study measures “number of errors made” by participants, what type of scale is this?
What is a ratio scale?
This design involves the same participants being measured across different experimental conditions.
What is a within-subjects design?
This process involves testing a prediction made by a hypothesis to determine if the results are statistically significant.
What is hypothesis testing?