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14.1
14.2
14.4&14.5
put it into practice
Guess the test
100

What are the two types of microbiota?

What is resident microbiota and transient microbiota 

100

What are two examples of how the microbiome benefits the body?

digest food, microbial antagonism, and regulate the development of the gut. 

100

What is one way that microbiota and the host molecules communicate?

quorum sensing, microbial products influence host gene expression and host molecules affect microbes.

100

This is a PR glucose test. Which of the following bacteria does not ferment glucose?

C, D, E

100

This type of agar is both selective and differential. It selects for gram-negative bacteria and differentiates for lactose fermentation. What is the name of this type of agar plate?

MAC plate 

200

The gastrointestinal tract is said to have abundant resident microbiota, does the blood stream also have abundant resident microbiota?

No. The blood stream is sterile.

200

Andy took some antibiotics which caused an alteration in his gut microbiome. What are two diseases that he could be at risk for?

crohn's disease, diabetes, heart disease and asthma. 

200

What does the hygiene hypothesis explain?

explains how changes in human behavior has led to loss of microbiota diversity.

200

 This is a nitrate reduction test. Nitrate A and B have been added and the tubes remained colorless. Then Zinc was added. Which of the following is negative for nitrate reduction?

A

200

What is this test used for?

Used to test for whether or not the bacterium contains the enzyme oxidase.

300

What is a person's bioburden?

A person's bioburden is the amount of microbiota that they have living in them.

300

Is obesity a possible effect of an altered gut microbiome?

Yes

300
What are three changes in human behavior that has led to loss of microbiota diversity?

Overuse of antimicrobials, dietary changes, cesarean birth, absence of breast feedling

300

This is an example of a catalase test. is bacteria in the petri dish positive or negative for catalase?

Positive

300

This is an example of a SIM test. What three things does this test, test for?

Reduction of sulfur, indole production, and motility.

400

What are the sites where DNA from microbiota has been detected?

Brain and bloodstream.

400

What word is used to describe the disruption of our normal flora?

Dysbiosis 

400

how has loss of diversity impacted homeostasis?

greater enabling of pathogenic species and increased risk of inflammatory disease. 

400

The following is a citrate test. The tubes were incubated and are now before you. Is tube A a positive test or a negative test for producing the enzyme citrate permease?

Negative

400

What biological test does this picture represent?

KIA

500

When and how is the microbiome established?

begins in the womb. However, during childbirth is when they really get their microbiota.

500

Lydia's appendix burst and caused an infection in the belly called peritonitis. Would this infection be considered an opportunistic infection or not?

yes, considered an opportunistic infection.

500

What is one use of probiotics?

treat diarrhea post antibiotics and fecal transplants replace harmful bacteria with helpful bacteria as a treatment for inflammatory intestinal disease.

500

Is the bacteria in the top test tube positive or negative for coagulase?

positive 

500
The starch hydrolysis test is used to test for the activity of the enzyme amylase. However, you are unable to see whether or not the bacteria can hydrolyze starch without this chemical being added to the plate. What is the name of the reagent added to the plate?

Lugols iodine