Overview
hematopoiesis is the process of what and where is this process carried out?
blood cell formation; done in red marrow
what type of bones are cube shaped and provide stability with limited movement?
short bones
_______ are the ends of bone; broad surfaces for joint articulation and muscle attachment
epiphysis
what type of cells in the bone are building the bone matrix and form the osteoid?
osteoblasts
what are the four steps of bone repair after a fracture?
1. hematoma formation (blood clot at fracture site)
2. fibrocartilaginous callus formation - collagen and cartilage bridge the gap between bone
3. bony callus formation - osteoblasts replace cartilage with spongy bone
4. bone remodeling - spongy bone is replaced with compact bone
What is the mineral that is stored in bones and is necessary for muscle contraction and nerve signaling?
calcium
which type of bones are small and round? They also form in tendons to reduce friction and improve leverage
sesamoid bones
________ is needed for growth and only found in children, and regresses into the _________ in adults
epiphyseal plate; epiphyseal line
what type of bone cell helps to maintain the bone?
osteocytes
What does Wolff's law say?
Cells that are stem cells of the bone are called what?
osteogenic cells
what type of bones are longer than wide and act as levers for movement?
long bones
what anatomical structure of the bone houses bone marrow?
Medullary cavity
The small hole(s) in the bone's surface where arteries, veins, and nerves enter is called what?
Nutrient foramen
what hormone raises blood calcium by stimulating osteoclast activity?
parathyroid hormone
_______ is the fibrous outer layer of bone that protects and anchors tendons/ligaments, and _______is the delicate inner lining
periosteum; endosteum
what type of bones are complex shapes and have specialized roles?
Irregular bones
what part of the bone is initially cartilage, but is replaced by bone as you continue to grow. The growth of this section pushes the epiphysis away from the diaphysis
metaphysis
the process in which bones form by replacing hyaline cartilage is called what?
endochondral ossification
The term meaning low blood calcium is what? high blood calcium?
hypocalcemia; hypercalcemia
bones and cartilage are types of _______ connective tissue
supportive
What type of bone is the skill?
the diaphysis is the bone _______
shaft
the process in which new bone develops directly from the mesenchyme is called what?
intramembranous ossification
why would high and low blood calcium levels lead to heart arrythmias?
calcium is essential for muscle contraction. When calcium homeostasis is out of balance, it can cause the heart to contract more or less frequently than it should to be in its typical rhythm