Abdominal/Pelvic Cavity
The side where the caudate lope, greater curvature of the stomach, cecum, and descending duodenum are located.
What is the right side?
** Left side - spleen, descending colon, majority of bladder.
The species that have their kidneys at the same level in the abdomen, and where.
Parts of the nephron located in the inner medulla.
What are the distal descending and ascending loops of henle, and collecting ducts?
Blood perfusion is higher in this part of the kidney.
What is the cortex?
The functional unit of a kidney
What is a nephron?
The boundaries of the pelvic cavity. (4)
What are:
Dorsal - sacrum, first few caudal vertebra
Ventral - Pelvic symphysis
Lateral - Ilium, Ischium, and broad sacrotuberous ligament
Caudal - perineum
The location of both left and right kidneys between different species (dog, horse, cat).
What is
Horse: R T16 - L1; L T17 - L2
Dog: R T13 - L2; L L1 - L3
Cat: R L2 - L4; L L3 - L5
The species that has the presence of a capsular vein.
What is a feline?
Species with longest loops of henle, and the reasoning.
The description of the porcine, bovine, and feline/canine kidney (fusion, lobation, and pyramids).
What is:
Porcine: Fused cortex not medulla, internal lobation
Bovine: External lobation, no fusion, True pyramids
Feline/Canine: Fused cortex and medulla, false pyramids
The compartments of the pelvic cavities. (4)
What are: pararectal fossa, rectogenital pouch, vesicogenital pouch, and pubovesical pouch?
The species that does not have renal crest OR renal pelvis.
What is bovine?
The part of the nephron that contains a brush boarder and basal striations.
What is the proximal convoluted tubule?
The type of lining on the glomerular capillaries and their function.
What is fenestration, to promote filtration.
The site for surgical incision to perform a laparotomy or celiotomy
What is the linea alba/White Line
** Laparotomy - surgical incision into the flank/abdominal walls to give access to the abdominal cavity (terms used interchangeably)
The muscles of the abdomen from superficial to deep. (4 most important)
What are the external abdominal, internal abdominal, rectus abdominis, and transversus abdominis?
Region that is filled with fat that accommodates the ureter, renal artery and vein.
What is renal sinus?
Part of the nephron that is sensitive to chloride ions, and regulates the filtration rate.
What is macula densa cells?
Part of the nephron that provides negative charge, and what happens when it gets injured.
What are the proteoglycans, and neutralizes negative charges, allowing them to be filtered out of the blood.
** Proteinuria
How to tell apart a dog kidney, from a cat kidney, from a pig kidney, from a small ruminant kidney.
What is:
Dog kidney - bean shaped and dark
Cat kidney - bean shaped with capsular veins
Pig kidney - flattened and elongated
Small Ruminant kidney - similar to dog, just lighter in color
The nerve supply to the abdominal wall and their origins. (Vertebra and name of Nerve)
Non-Ruminants / Ruminants:
T13 - Costo-abdominal
L1 - Cranial Iliohypogastric / Iliohypogastric
L2 - Caudal Iliohypogastric / Ilioinguinal
L3 - Ilioinguinal / Genitofemoral
The blood supply to the kidney and its nephron (6).
What is renal artery -> interlobar artery -> arcuate artery -> interlobular artery -> afferent artery -> efferent artery?
The layers of filtration barrier.
What are the glomerular endothelium - simple squamous, glomerular basement membrane, podocytes?
Rank from most permeable to least permeable (Albumin, Insulin, Small Proteins).
** Bonus; their permeability/molecular weight
What is:
Insulin - 1.00 (same as water), 5,200 Daltons
Small Proteins - 0.5, 30,000 Daltons
Albumin - 0.005, 69,000 Daltons
The blood supply to the four different quadrants of the abdominal wall.
What is
CrD - phrenicoabdominal artery
CrV - Cranial epigastric artery -> cranial superficial epigastric artery
CaD - Deep circumflex iliac/caudal abdominal artery
CaV - Caudal epigastric artery & Caudal superficial epigastric artery