Show:
Foreign Aid, Sanctions & Economic Development
Civil War
& Terrorism
Bureaucratic Politics & Global Cooperation
Trade, Monetary & Fiscal Policy
Grab Bag
100
These three reasons are why a state might give foreign aid
What are Humanitarian Aid, Support for Domestic Industries, and Stabilizing a Friendly Regime?
100
Without this, the idea of reciprocity between adversaries’ militaries and political representatives becomes very difficult.
Why is legitimacy a core problem in civil war?
100
Cooperating is better for both actors than not cooperating, but the actors preferences on how to cooperate are different
What is the distribution problem of cooperation?
100
Land, Labor & Capital
What are the three factors of production?
100
This form of international investment is most mobile and most at risk of causing economic shocks
What is Portfolio Investment? OR, what are stocks & bonds?
200
These two reasons are why foreign aid may not be used for broad based economic development in the recipient country
What are Autocratic Regimes Prefer Private Benefits & Corruption in Bureaucratic Process?
200
These are three types of strategies groups with grievances can utilize to try to get governments to change policy
What are Non-violent Activism, Guerrilla Tactics, & Terrorist Attacks?
200
The two main ways in which bureaucratic/organizational processes impact a leader’s foreign policy
What are 1) filter information up to the leadership, and 2) carry out policies once decided upon by the leader?
200
Owners of these types of factors lose by an economy opening up to free trade
What are the owners of scarce factors of production, such as unskilled labor in developed countries?
200
Actors acting independently and rationally according to self-interest behave contrary to the best interests of the whole group by depleting common or shared resources
What is the Public/Common Goods Dilemma?
300
This type of country is least likely to bow to pressure from economic sanctions
What are countries that have governments with small winning coalitions?
300
Three ways states attempt to solve the commitment problems for ending civil conflict
What are Development of Political Institutions, Third Party Enforcement, & Multilateral Peacekeeping?
300
The four problems that can impede reciprocity
What are: Noise, Small Shadow of the Future, High Temptation to Cheat, Unclear Measures of Reciprocity?
300
A politically unpopular policy in which a government raises taxes and restricts spending to try to cut deficits
What are austerity measures?
300
Two previous issue of contention in the sovereign state system that are less relevant today
What are religion and territory?
400
One state or actor is able to produce a good at a lower overall cost than the other, making specialization more efficient
What is the logic of comparative advantage?
400
At least three reasons why intrastate wars last so much longer than interstate wars
What are three of the following: A long history of negative interactions, multiple actors with loose control over their respective groups, extremist spoilers, breakdown of enforcement institutions, rareness of ‘absolute victory’ over the other party, commitment problems in disarmament?
400
The four ways institutions alleviate enforcement problems by making reciprocity more effective
What are: Clarify ‘rules of the game’, monitor violations, coordinate & clarify reciprocity, resolve disputes?
400
A system of fixed exchange rates managed by institutions such as the IMF with the US dollar as the reserve currency that existed until the 1970’s
What is the Bretton Woods System?
400
At least two ways in which international law helps spread human rights over time
What are two of the following: help states anticipate actions from other actors (because of the signaling involved in ratifying treaties), helps clarify expectations, develops ‘bright line’ standards that domestic groups can identify, fosters spread of NGOs and other human rights institutions?
500
Target countries ‘select’ into receiving sanctions by not backing down when the threat is first levied.
Why are economic sanctions often ineffective?
500
The dual commitment problems (from each side) that make negotiating with terrorists hard
What are: 1) Terrorists are concerned that the government will target them once they give up guns and become identifiable, and 2) Government is concerned that terrorists’ intentions are insincere and their militant action hard to monitor?
500
When it is in both actors’ best interests to defect, regardless of the other actor’s strategy, but they then end up with a worse outcome than they could have if they cooperated
What is a Prisoner’s Dilemma?
500
The reason governments have incentives to restrict free trade, despite it being the most efficient option overall
What is Concentrated Benefits, but Dispersed Costs?
500
This factor limits states from ‘racing to the bottom’ to attract foreign investment
What is Embedded Liberalism?