Chapter 1: Introduction to Sociolinguistics
The structure of a language influences how its speakers view the world
What is the Whorfian Hypothesis?
The language someone grows up using informally, in commonplace interactions
What is vernacular?
How are prices stratified in each store?
Saks: does not mention prices
Macy's: prices in large type with a slogan attached S. Klein: Prices in round numbers
The situation where research participants perform language due to knowledge they are being studied. The reason linguistic researchers avoid it?
What is the Observer’s Paradox? Participants are not being authentic to their actual experience.
Linguistic feature used more often by 'burnout's
What is negative concord?
The study of language in relation to society; investigates how language varieties and patterns of use correlate with sociolinguistic variables
What is micro-sociolinguistics?
One of the defining factors when discussing language vs dialect
What is sociopolitical identity?
How do the employees of Macy's compare in their use of emphatic pronunication of the final /r/ in relation to Sak's employees?
In the emphatic pronunciation of the final /r/, Macy's employees come very close to the mark set by Sak's employees.
( r-pronunciation is the norm that the majority of Macy's employees strive for )
A type of scenario in which nonstandard languages or dialects are regarded to be of high linguistic prestige by members of a speech community.
What is covert prestige?
Found to have the greatest relationship between this and usage of negative concord
What is the speaker's status as jock or burnout?
Refers to the motivations which cause individuals to act together and to feel a common bond which influences their social actions
What is solidarity?
This aims to eliminate diversity within languages.
What is standardization?
The dependent variable in Labov's study
What is the use of /r/?
In Trudgill's Norwich study:When people overcorrect what they think is incorrect speech. The gender group historically classified as featuring this
What is hypercorrection, what are women?
Conclusion of Eckert's study: groups are define in terms of ______ _______
What is social practice?