Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

Vocabulary

100

Endocytosis

the process by which large molecules are taken into the cell

200

Exocytosis

transport of material from inside the cell to outside the cell using vesicles: secretion

300

Histology

study of tissues

400

Gross Anatomy

study of macroscopic structures of an organism

500

Physiology

study of functions of an organism and its parts

Mitosis

100

Prophase

•Centrioles duplicate and form spindle microtubules

•Move to opposite ends

•Replicate DNA to form chromosomes

•Chromosomes move to center of cell at the equatorial plane

200

•Metaphase

•Spindle attach to chromosome

300

Telophase

Plasma membrane constricts and pinches the cell into two cells

400

•Anaphase

•Duplicate and original separate and go to opposite sides of cell

500

Interphase

Cell in normal stage and no mitosis taking place and it has no distinguishable chromosomes

Plasma Membrane

100

Function of glycoprotein

Identification

200

Function of receptor protein

Receives messages from other cells

300

In Fluid Mosaic Model, what does fluid refer to and what does mosaic refer to?

Fluid- oily part of membrane composed of phospholipids

Mosaic- different proteins throughout phospholipid layer

400

How does a substance get through the plasma membrane? list 4

Channel protein (water)

pinocytosis (proteins)

charged channel proteins (ions)

Carrier Proteins (glucose)

phagocytosis (bacteria)

 dissolve through phospholipids (fat)

500

What type of protein will a Mg²⁺ ion use to get into the cell?

Charged channel protein

Cell Organelles

100

Ribosomes

synthesize proteins

200

Lysosome

Breaks down proteins, polysaccharides, nucleic acids, and lipids

300

Nucleus

Contain DNA and is control center

400

Golgi Apparatus

Packages molecules for secretion

500

Mitochondria

Produce energy for the cell

MISC

100

What type of tissue is cartilage in your joints?

Connective

200

What two organ systems are most involved in controlling the negative-feedback systems of the body?

 Nervous system and endocrine

300

Protein enters a cell.  Outside cell higher concentration than inside cell.  Protein entered by active transport or passive transport?

Active large size

400

Heart rate elevates. In negative-feedback system does heart rate go up or down?  In positive feedback, does it go up or down?

Negative- down

Positive-up

500

General term for processes in environment that threaten homeostasis

Stress