Epidemiology in Public Health
The occurrence of illness or specific health-related behavior that is outside of the normal range within a community or region
What is an epidemic?
A person or population who has been identified as having a specific disease, disorder, injury or condition
What is a case?
Invertebrate animal that transmits infection by passing the infectious agent from one host to another
What is a vector?
An individual who has been exposed to and harbors a disease, even if they have fully recovered from the disease
What is an active carrier?
Shows the interaction and interdependence of the agent, host, time and environment
What is the epidemiology triangle?
Infections that are transmitted from one infected person to another
What is propagated epidemics?
What is an index case?
A person or animal that spreads or harbors an infectious organism but often does not show any signs of disease
What is a carrier?
An individual who has been exposed to and harbors a pathogen but is not ill and does not show symptoms of the disease
What is a healthy carrier?
The prevention of disease or disorder before it occurs
What is primary prevention?
The ongoing presence of a disease in a population
What is an Endemic?
An individual or group of individuals who display the signs and symptoms of a disease that has not been yet diagnosed as having the disease
What is a suspect case?
Infectious organism in vertebrates that can be transmitted to humans through direct contact, a fomite or vector
What is zoonosis?
An individual who has been exposed to and harbors a pathogen and is beginning to show symptoms of disease and can transmit the disease
What is an incubatory carrier?
Prevention that does not require any change on the part of the individual
What is passive primary prevention?
An epidemic that affects or attacks the population of a region, country or continent
What is a pandemic?
A person who has been infected and become ill after a population has been exposed to a disease due to contact with the primary case
What is a secondary case?
Habitat in or which an infectious agent lives, grows and multiplies for their survival
What is a reservoir?
An individual who harbors a pathogen who is in the recovery phase, but is still infectious
What is a convalescent carrier?
Involves finding and quantifying associations, testing hypotheses, and identifying causes of health-related states or events
What is analytic epidemiology?
When victims of a common source epidemic have contact with others which lead to spread of disease, resulting in a propagated outbreak
What is a mixed epidemic?
Several variables that measure it effectively
What is case severity?
Objects that can harbor an infectious agent and is capable of being a means of transmission
What is a fomite?
An individual who has been exposed to and harbors a pathogen that can be spread at different times or intervals
What is an intermittent carrier?
The ability of a program to produce a desired effect among those who participate in a program compared to those who do not
What is efficacy?