The principles of probability can be used to predict the outcomes of genetic crosses.
What is How do geneticists use the principles of probability?
100
The principle that states that genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes.
What is independent assortment?
100
Four chromosomes from the male parent, four chromosomes from the female parent gives two sets of chromosomes where each of the four male chromosomes pair with each of the 4 female chromosomes.
What is homologous?
100
Different forms of a gene.
What is alleles?
200
The type of peas Mendel worked with.
What are garden peas?
200
The definition of Punnett Square.
What is a diagram used to determine gene combinations from genetic crosses?
200
Cases in which one allele is not completely dominant over another.
What is incomplete dominance?
200
A cell that contains both sets of the homologous chromosomes.
What is diploid?
200
During this phase the sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite ends of the cell.
What is Anaphase II?
300
The term for self-pollinating, meaning they would produce offspring identical to themselves.
What is true-breeding?
300
The physical characteristics.
What is phenotype?
300
The situation in which both alleles contribute to the phenotype of the organism.
What is codominance?
300
A single set of chromosomes, therefore only a single set of genes.
What is haploid?
300
During this phase the chromosomes line up in a similar way to the metaphase stage of mitosis.
What is Metaphase II?
400
The name of the offspring from the F1 generation.
What is first filial?
400
The genetic make up.
What is genotype?
400
Traits controlled by two or more genes.
What is polygenic traits?
400
The process of reduction division in the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell.
What is meiosis?
400
During this phase Meiosis I results in two haploid daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the original cell.
What is Prophase II?
500
The concept behind Mendel's work that is now the copre of a revolution in understanding biology.
What is genetics?
500
These predict the average outcome of a large number of events.
What is probabilities?
500
An experiment performed by Mendel to follow two different genes as they passes from one generation to the next.
What is a two-factor cross?
500
This process results in the production of two genetically identical diploid cells, whereas meiosis produces four genetically different haploid cells.
What is mitosis?
500
The phases the result in four haploid daughter cells.