Introduction to Hypothesis Testing

Hypothesis Testing

100

Statistical method that uses sample data to evaluate a hypothesis about a population. 

Hypothesis test

200

General goal of a hypothesis test is to rule out...

chance/sampling error

300

How many steps are there to Hypothesis test? Enumerate/identify them.

Four. (Proceed to enumerate them)

Hypothesis Testing Steps

100

The _____ states that there is no change in the general population before and after an intervention. 

null hypothesis

200

The ____ states that there is a change in the general population following an intervention. 

alternative hypothesis

300

Forms a ratio comparing the obtained difference between the sample mean and the hypothesized population mean versus the amount of difference we would expect without standard error

test statistic

Directional Tests

100

Also known as a one-tailed test, the statistical hypotheses specify either an increase or a decrease in the population mean.

directional hypothesis test

200

Defined by sample outcomes that are very unlikely to occur if the null hypothesis is true. 

Critical Region

300

Different from one-tailed test, it requires a relatively large difference independent of direction.

Two-tailed test

Effect size

100

Measures the size of the mean difference in terms of the standard deviation

Cohen's d

200

Cohen's d = 

mean difference over standard deviation

300

Intended to provide a measurement of the absolute magnitude of a treatment effect, independent of the size of the sample(s) being used.

Effect size