The Norman French invasion of 1066 marked the beginning of this period in the history of the English language.
What is Middle English?
100
A line that represents a boundary between regional varieties with regard to one particular linguistic item.
What is an isogloss?
100
The study of the relationship between language and society.
What is sociolinguistics?
100
The lexicalized categories used to refer to people who are members of the same family.
What are kinship terms?
100
This language has few native speakers left, can be found in Michigan, and has long "verby" words.
What is Anishinaabemowin?
200
These Germanic tribes which invaded England were the primary source of the English language before 1100.
What are the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes?
200
A linguistic situation where a "low" variety of a language is used for everyday affairs, and a "high" variety of a language is used in school or for important matters.
What is diglossia?
200
Labov and Trudgill researched the use of this linguistic variable to show social variation based on social class.
What is the postvocalic /r/?
200
This describes categories that are not expressed in a single word.
What is non-lexicalized?
200
These three languages helped early philologists identify the Indo-European family tree.
What are Ancient Greek, Latin, and Sanskrit?
300
The (hypothetical) common linguistic ancestor of languages such as English, Irish, French, Greek, Russian, Hindi, and Persian.
What is Proto-Indo-European?
300
The language that is the main source of words in a pidgin is known as the _____ language.
What is lexifier language?
300
The status of an accent or dialect that is generally recognized as "better" or more positively valued in the larger community.
What is overt prestige?
300
These are grammatical markers that indicate the type of noun involved (e.g. English countable and non-countable nouns).
What are classifiers?
300
This language is spoken in the Amazons and requires that one indicate grammatically where information comes from; this led to missionary Dan Everett losing his religion.
What is Pirahã?
400
This principle of language change states that certain types of sound change are very common, while others are unlikely.
What is the most natural development principle?
400
The range of slightly different varieties of a creole, evolving after the creole has come into existence.
What is the post-creole continuum?
400
The conventional way of using language that is appropriate to a specific context (situational, occupational, or topical).
What is register?
400
The idea that, to some extent, we think about the world using categories and grammar provided by our language.
What is linguistic relativity?
400
This is a language that was once dead but has been fully revitalized.
What is Hebrew?
500
This type of sound change is represented in the change "slummer" → "slumber"
What is epenthesis?
500
Government, legal, and educational organizations in many countries do this to determine what varieties of languages spoken in the country will be used for official business.
What is language planning?
500
Reduction of final consonant clusters, use of double negatives, and a complex grammatical system for showing aspect are features commonly associated with this sociolect.
What is African American English (AAE) or African American Vernacular English (AAVE)?
500
In general, women do more of these three things when talking than men do.
What are high pitch (or movement), tag questions, and back channeling?
500
This language was studied by Lera Boroditsky, is an Australian Aboriginal language, and arranges time according to cardinal directions.