L
True or False
The validity of syllogisms depends solely on the truth value of the statements that make them up.
What is FALSE.
The validity of syllogisms depends solely on their form. Certain forms are always valid; other forms are always invalid.
A syllogism of the same form as the original argument, but with obviously true premises and an obviously false conclusion.
What is a COUNTEREXAMPLE?
True or False
Counterexamples can only show a syllogism to be valid.
What is FALSE?
A term within a statement, that refers to all members of it's category.
What is a DISTRIBUTED TERM?
To establish the validity of a syllogism beyond doubt, one would...
What is TEST IT WITH THE FIVE RULES OF VALIDITY?
Some robots are not programmed humanoids, because some robots are androids, and all androids are programmed humanoids.
What is the Major, Minor, and Middle Terms?
What is programmed humanoids, robots, androids?
On your white board write the following argument into a standard form syllogism.
All football games are sporting events, and all football games are physically exhausting activities. Clearly, all sporting events are physically exhausting activities.
What is...
All football games are physically exhausting activities.
All football games are sporting events.
∴ All sporting events are physically exhausting activities.
On your white boards write out the schema for the following argument.
No true socialist is a millionaire, but some Russians are millionaires. Therefore, some Russians are not true socialists.
What is...
No P is M
Some S are M
∴ Some S are not P.
On your white boards write the schema for the following Mood/Figure
AII-1
What is...
All M is P
Some S is M
∴ Some S is P
On your whiteboards determine the mood and figure for the following argument...
All epic poems are works of great artistry. Hence, given that no nursery rhymes are works of great artistry, no nursery rhymes are epic poems.
What is...
AEE-2
Identify the MAJOR, MINOR, and MIDDLE terms...
Some complaints are gripes, because all whines are complaints, and all whines are gripes.
What is...
1. Major - gripes
2. Minor - complaints
3. Middle - whines
The MOOD and FIGURE of the following standard-form syllogism.
All rational numbers are repeating decimals.
Some rational numbers are whole numbers.
Therefore, some whole numbers are repeating decimals.
What is...
AII-3
Test the following syllogism by counterexample.
No wind instruments are guitars.
All wind instruments are expensive instruments.
Therefore, no expensive instruments are guitars.
What is...
No watermelons are grapes.
All watermelons are edible things.
Therefore no edible things are grapes.
Valid or Invalid?
No honors students are rugby players.
Some athletes are rugby players.
Therefore, some athletes are not honors students.
What is VALID?
Write schema of syllogism that have the given fallacies.
Illicit major, Illicit minor.
What is...
Some P is M
Some S is not M
∴ No S is P
Write out the schema and the fallacy that applies.
AAO-4
What is...
All P is M
All M is S
∴ Some S is not P
Two affirmative premises and negative conclusion.
Write out the Schema and the fallacy that applies.
AAA-2
What is...
All P is M
All S is M
∴ All S is P
Undistributed middle
Identify at least one fallacy in the following syllogism.
Some payments are not cash payments, and no credit card purchases are cash payments. Therefore, some credit card purchases are not payments.
What is...
1. Two negative premises
2. Illicit major
Write out the schema and the fallacy that applies.
EAE-3
What is...
No M is P
All M is S
∴ No S is P
Illicit minor
Identify at least one fallacy in the following argument.
Some philosophy is not religious doctrine. All the teachings of Confucius are philosophy. Thus, some teachings of Confucius are religious teachings.
What is...
1. Negative premise and affirmative conclusion
2. Undistributed middle
Write a schema of syllogism that have the given fallacies.
Illicit major, Illicit minor, undistributed middle, and two affirmative premises and a negative conclusion.
What is...
Some M is P
Some S is M
∴ No S is P
Translate argument into a syllogism in standard form, if invalid name the fallacy.
Some boxers hit their friends. But nobody who hits his friend is a pacifist. Therefore, no boxers are pacifists.
What is...
No friend hitters are pacifists.
Some boxers are friend hitters.
∴ No boxers are pacifists.
Fallacy: Illicit minor
Rewrite the syllogism in standard order and give it's mood and figure.
All combatants are fighters, so all Spartans are fighters, since all Spartans are combatants.
What is...
All combatants are fighters.
All Spartans are combatants.
Therefore, all Spartans are fighters.
Mood and Figure: AAA-1
Rewrite the syllogism in standard order and give it's mood and figure.
All books are paper, and some plaques are not paper. Hence, some books are not plaques.
What is...
Some plaques are not paper.
All books are paper.
Therefore, some books are not plaques.
Mood and Figure: OAO-2
Write the schema for the given form then develop your own syllogism in standard order.
OIO-4
What is...
Some P is not M.
Some M is S.
∴ Some S is not P.