Methods / Purposes / Rules for Defining
3 categories of self supporting statements
What are self-reports, true or false by logical structure, true or false by definition
ambiguous
What is a word that has more than one definition?
definition
a statement that gives a meaning of a term
independent (independence)
what is if the truth or falsity of one has no effect on the truth or falsity of the other.
3 types of sentences that are NOT statements
What is a question, a command, and nonsense.
consistent (consistency)
What is if they can both be true at the same time?
apparent disagreement
what is a difference of opinion or perception?
lexical definition
what is a definition that shows relationships or reduces ambiguity by providing a single, established meaning of a term?
What are the 6 rules for defining by genus and difference?
A definition should: state the essential attributes of the term, not be circular, not be too broad or narrow, not be unclear or figurative, be stated positively, be of same part of speech as the term.
3 ways to determine the Truth Value of a Supported Statement
What are authority, experience or observation, and deduction?
Deduction
What is reasoning with certainty from premises to conclusions
exhaustive
what is complete, no other type exists?
logically equivalent
what is if they imply one another?
3 methods for defining terms
What are 4 major relationships between statements?
Genus of a term
what is a term that is more general, broad, or abstract than the original term and includes it.
implication
what is if the truth of one requires the truth of the other?
intension of a term
what is the sum of all common attributes denoted by the term?
What are the 6 purposes of definitions?
What is to show relationships, remove ambiguity, reduce vagueness, increase vocabulary, explain concepts theoretically, and influence attitudes.
3 kinds of disagreements
Real, apparent, verbal
extension of a term
informal logic
what is deals with operations of thinking that are indirectly related to reasoning?
formal logic
what is deals with proper modes of reasoning?