Sponges
What is the feeding process of sponges?
Sponges are "filter feeders."
Water enters through ostia (pores), collar cells filter food particles, amoeba-like cells transport food, and waste exits through the osculum.
What are the two main body shapes of cnidarians?
Polyp (vase-shaped, e.g., hydra) and
Medusa (umbrella-shaped, e.g., jellyfish).
Sponges have this type of symmetry
What is asymmetrical body shape?
What are the bristle-like structures on earthworms that aid in movement?
Setae
What is regeneration?
The regrowth of lost body parts.
What are the sharp structural elements in a sponge that link together to form a skeleton and also help protect against predators?
Spicules
What are the stinging cells of a cnidarian that inject toxins into their prey?
Nematocysts
What are some of the functions of invertebrates?
They serve as a food source for many animals and help in pollination of flowering plants.
Thick, muscular part of an earthworm’s digestive system that is responsible for mechanically grinding the food.
Gizzard
What are the three most common groups of worms?
Flat worms, Round worms, and Segmented worms
What is the large opening at the top of the sponge where water and waste exit?
Osculum
What type of support structure uses water pressure within a body cavity to support soft-bodied animals?
Hydrostatic
What are two characteristics of sexual reproduction?
Sexual reproduction involves two parents; offspring inherit traits from both.
How does an earthworm breathe?
arthworms do not have respiratory organs. Oxygen enters and carbon dioxide exits through the earthworm's skin.
Which phylum includes jellyfish, corals, hydras, and sea anemones?
Cnidarians
Which sponge cell type uses a flagellum to direct water through the sponge and ingests food particles?
Collar cells
Why must corals live in shallow, clear water?
Corals must live in shallow, clear water for algae photosynthesis.
What are two characteristics of asexual reproduction?
Asexual reproduction involves one parent; offspring are identical to the parent.
How do earthworms help the environment?
They add air and nutrients to the soil
Earthworms have what type of body symmetry?
Bilateral
What can a sponge do that no other animal can?
If a sponge is squeezed through a fine screen, its cells can reassemble into a like sponge or several smaller like sponges.
What is the relationship between corals and zooxanthellae?
Corals provide the algae a protected habitat, carbon dioxide, and nutrients from waste. The algae provide coral with oxygen and essential food via photosynthesis.
What percentage of animals are invertebrates?
Approximately 97%
What is the thickened, glandular section of an earthworm used in reproduction?
Clitellum
Which phylum means "pore-bearer" and includes animals that lack true tissues and have a porous body?
Phylum Porifera