FLUID BASICS
I&O
Intake and Output
Best container for urine
Graduate
Definition of frequent fluids (FF)
Encouraging the resident to take in extra fluids
Output eliminated through kidneys
Urine
Who orders fluid restrictions
The physician
This unit equals one cc
ml (milliliter)
Best way to read a graduate
At eye level
How often fluids are offered
At least q 2 hours
What to record with incontinence
Number of episodes
Meaning of NPO
Nothing by mouth
Average daily fluid intake
2000-3000cc
1 ounce equals how many cc
30 cc/ml
Why older adults avoid fluids
Decreased thirst
Fluids not within reach
Fear of incontinence
Difficulty holding containers
Fear of getting up at night
Output that must be measured
Urine, emesis, excessive diarrhea, suctioned fluids
Thickened liquid rule
Check careplan for correct consistency.
Stir for 10 seconds, let stand for 3-5 minutes.
Nectar: 1 packet, Honey: 2 packets, Pudding: 3 packets.
Fluid lost through sweating
450–1,050 cc/day
Why catheter bags are inaccurate for measurement.
It is not a ridged container.
Foods with high fluid content
Watermelon, citrus, grapes, popsicles, some vegetables.
What to do if output is estimated
Document as estimated.
Why documenting I&O accuratly matters
Resident can become dehydrated, ill, vital signs are affected, it can affect medications and how they are absorbed in the body.
Reason fluids are essential to life
They maintain homeostasis by regulating body temperature via sweat, transporting nutrients and oxygen to cells, lubricating joints, and removing waste products through urine and perspiration.
When I&O is totaled
At the end of each shift and at the end of the 24 hour day.
CNA action to encourage intake
Place fluids within reach
Utilize cup they can hold easily
Offer small amounts often
Offer a variety of fluids
Encourage high-fluid foods (fruit, popsicles)
Offer favorite beverages
Assist residents who cannot drink independently
Help resident meet fluid goals
Explain that more fluids may reduce irritation
When to notify the nurse
When the output is abnormal in color, odor, consistency. When the resident has not voided or had urine in the catheter tubing for 4 hours.
CNA responsibility with I&O
Measure accuratly at eye level. Offer favorite fluids, be mindful of size and type of cup or water pitcher. Report abnormalities.