I/O Psychology
An area in which experts work on the development and administration of tests used for employee hiring
What is selection?
A system of shared values, norms, and assumptions that guide members’ attitudes and behaviors.
What is organisational culture?
Focused on identifying individual characteristics that make a good leader
What is Trait Theory?
Occurs when qualified individuals are prevented from truly achieving all they can because of discrimination
What is glass ceiling?
Social process through which an individual intentionally exerts influence over others to structure their behaviors and relationships
What is leadership?
The chief concerns for people who work in this area are the measurement and improvement of job-related attitudes, such as job satisfaction and organisational commitment
What is quality of life?
It reflects how members of a culture experience reality, how they perceive the physical and social world, and how they think and feel
What is 'basic assumptions'?
The Ohio State studies gathered observations and ratings of leader behaviors using this questionnaire.
What is Leadership Behavior Description Questionnaire?
Women are criticized for not being “leader-like” due to their feminine characteristics—but when they adjust and take on more masculine traits in order to be viewed as “leader-like,” they are criticized for not being true to their femininity.
What is 'double-blind' conflict?
Individual’s potential influence over the attitudes and behavior of individuals
What is power?
Illimunation and productive experiments which highlighted the importance of social relations and employee attitudes, among other things.
What is Hawthorne Studies?
There are customer markets, supply and labour markets, financial markets, governmental and regulatory influences, competitors, to name just a few.
What is organisational environment?
Focuses on unique, dyadic relationships between subordinates and leaders
What is Leader Member exchange theory?
Belief that women are more adept at being inclusive, interpersonally sensitive, and nurturing than men, so they should be better leaders
What is feminine advantage?
Power bestowed by the organization, synonymous with “authority”
These tests were developed as multiple choice-based intelligence tests that could be administered in groups, making them more cost efficient than the individually administered intelligence tests that were typically used at the time
What is Army Alpha and Beta mental ability tests?
The process by which newcomers are transformed from outsiders to participating, effective members of the organization
What is organisational socialisation?
Leadership effectiveness is more about followers’ perceptions than leaders’ actions
What is implicit leadership theory?
lack of empathy and is defined by characteristics of entitlement, grandiosity, and selfishness
What is narcissism?
This trait approach to leadership, dominated leadership research into the 1950s
What is great man/great woman theory
The APA Division of Industrial and Organizational Psychology
Is one that encourages confidence and risk taking among employees, has leadership that produces change, and focuses on the changing needs of customers.
What is adaptive culture?
Is linked to important outcomes—job satisfaction, organizational commitment, work group performance, high levels of motivation and commitment
What is transformational leadership?
This is a key variable in determining leader effectiveness
What is Emotional Intelligence?
Replacement of full-time, traditional jobs by contract workers and freelancers, subbing
What is gig economy?