Basic Concepts
What type of bond is formed between a metal and a non-metal?
an Ionic bond?
Which groups of elements typically forms cations in ionic bonds?
Groups 1 & 2
What is one common property of ionic compounds in solid form?
They have high melting points
What is the primary difference between ionic bonds and covalent bonds?
Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons, while covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons
In an ionic bond, what happens to the electrons?
One atom loses electrons and the other gains them
What is the result when sodium (Na) bonds with chlorine (Cl) in an ionic bond?
The formation of Sodium Chloride (NaCl)
Why do ionic compounds conduct electricity only when melted or dissolved in water?
Because the ions are free to move
Which type of bond is usually formed between two non-metal atoms?
a Covalent bond
Name the charge of an ion formed from an alkali metal. (group 1)
Positive 1 (+1)
How many electrons does an oxygen atom need to gain to achieve a stable electron configuration?
2 electrons
What is the term for the repeating three-dimensional pattern of ions in an ionic solid?
a Crystal Lattice
In terms of electrical conductivity, how do ionic and covalent compounds differ?
Ionic compounds conduct electricity in molten or dissolved states, while covalent compounds generally do not conduct electricity?
What is the term for a positively charged ion?
a Cation
What is the name of the compound formed when magnesium bonds with sulfur?
Magnesium Sulfide (MgS)
Why do ionic compounds tend to be brittle?
Applying force can shift ions, causing repulsive forces to break the lattice
How does the bond strength of ionic compounds compare to that of covalent compounds?
Ionic bonds are generally stronger than Covalent bonds due to electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions
What is the name of the negatively charged ion formed from a halogen? (group 7)
an Anion
When potassium (K) bonds with bromine (Br), how many potassium ions are needed for each bromine ion to balance the charge?
1 Potassium ion for every Bromine ion (K=+1, Br=-1)
Why are ionic compounds typically very hard and have high melting points?
Because the strong electrostatic forces between the positively and negatively charged ions in a crystal lattice require a lot of energy to overcome
Which type of bond, ionic or covalent, is typically characterized by a transfer of electrons, and what kind of substances are formed from it?
an Ionic bond, and it forms ionic compounds such as salts