E2
What projection BEST DEMONSTRATES the condyle and neck of the mandible?
Axio-lateral Oblique Projections (TMJ)
How do you know that a PA Axial Projection of the mandibular rami is properly positioned?
1. rest nose and forehead on IR, adjust OML to be perpendicular to IR.
2. adjust head so MSP perpendicular to IR.
What position is the patient head in to demonstrate the Ramus of the mandible?
true lateral position.
to demonstrate the symphysis of the mandible during a Axio-Lateral Oblique projection of the mandible, how much do we rotate the patients head?
rotate head 45 degrees towards IR.
How do you know that the AP Axial Projection of the TMJ's is properly positioned?
1.adjust head so MSP perpendicular to IR.
2. flex neck so OML is perpendicular to IR.
3. expose one image with mouth closed, one image with mouth open.
How do you know that a PA Projection of mandibular rami is properly positioned?
1. adjust OML to be perpendicular to IR
2. adjust head so MSP is perpendicular to IR.
what is the CR location for a PA Axial Projection of mandibular rami?
angled 20 or 25 degrees cephalad to exit acnathion.
In regards to making adjustments, the petrous ridges appear in the maxillary sinus on a Water projection. What adjustment should the radiographer make?
extend patients neck more, ensuring MML is perpendicular.
what is the CR location for an Axio-Lateral Oblique Projection of the mandible?
angled 25 degrees cephalad to pass directly through mandibular region of interest.
what is the CR location for an AP Axial Projection of the TMJ's?
angled 35 degrees caudad, centered midway between TMJ's. Enters approximately 3 inches above nasion.
what is the CR location for a PA Projection of the mandibular rami?
perpendicular, exits at acanthion.
what facial bones make of the orbit?
1. frontal bone
2. sphenoid bone
3. ethmoid bone
4. maxilla
5. zygoma
6. lacrimal gone
7. palatine bone
Where should the petrous ridges appear in a Waters Projection?
below the maxillary sinus.
In regards to making adjustments, during a Lateral Projection of the facial bones, each EAM and greater wing of sphenoid bones are inferior to each other. What adjustment should the radiographer make?
1. patients head is tilted.
2. adjust head so MSP is parallel and IPL is perpendicular.
What are some symptoms of TMJ Syndrome?
1. clicking or popping noise
2. headaches
3. difficulty chewing
4. lock-jaw
5. pain in neck and jaw joints.
In the Axio-lateral oblique projection of the mandible, what area should be parallel with the IR?
How do you know that an Axio-Lateral Projection of the mandible is properly positioned?
1. patients head in lateral position with IPL perpendicular to IR.
3. patients closes mouth, teeth together.
4. extend neck so long axis of mandibular body is parallel with transverse axis of IR.
How do you know that an Axio-Lateral Oblique Projection of the mandible is properly positioned?
1. patients head in lateral position, IPL is perpendicular to IR.
2. patient closes mouth, teeth together.
3. extend neck so long axis of mandibular body is parallel with transverse axis of IR.
What bones form the orbital roof's?
greater wings of the sphenoid.
What is the Image Evaluation for a PA Projection of the mandible?
1. proper collimation, marker placement, anatomy of interest in profile.
2. no rotation or tilt, demonstrated by mandibular body appearing symmetric on each side, and MSP aligned with long axis of collimated field.
3. soft tissue and bony trabecular detail.
What projections will BEST DEMONSTRATE displacement fractures of the mandibular rami?
PA rami, and PA Axial rami
What is the CR location for an Axio-Lateral Projection of the mandible?
to demonstrate the Mandibular Body during a Axio-Lateral Oblique projection of the mandible, how much do we rotate the patients head?
rotate head 30 degrees towards IR.
What is the Image Evaluation for a Lateral Projection of the nasal bones?
1. proper collimation, marker placement, anatomy of interest in profile.
2. nasal bones, anterior nasal spine, and frontonasal suture in profile.
3. no rotation of nasal bones and soft tissue
4. soft tissue and bon trabecular detail.
On a PA Projection of the mandible, what part of the mandible is clearly NOT DEMONSTRATED, and why?
1. the mental point/protuberance.
2. due to superimposition from C-spine.