The Environment and Change Over Time
Foundations of Chemistry
The Periodic Table
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100

What is the difference between natural selection and selective breeding?

Natural selection occurs in nature, selective breeding is when humans choose desired traits to breed plants or animals.

100

What does the atomic number of an element correspond to with that element's atom?

the number of protons it has.

100

Where are the 3 main groups of elements found on the periodic table?

metals-- left side and middle

nonmetals-- right side

metalloids-- between metals and nonmetals

100

Another name for a homogenous mixture is a _________.

solution

100

Define matter. 

anything that has mass and takes up space

200

What is an original-material fossil?

A type of fossil that preserves the original body of the organism; such as amber or ice.

200

What happens if we change the number of protons in an atom?

The element will change

200

What is a row in the periodic table called? A column?

period; group

200

What is the formula for density?

D=m/v

200

On the left side of the periodic table, all of the elements are metals except ____________.

Hydrogen

300

Name the 3 main types of adaptations and give an example of each.

Structural, behavioral, functional

300

What is a substance? What is a compound? Can a compound be a substance?

Substance-- matter with composition that is always the same.

Compound-- a substance made of two or more elements chemically bound together.

yes, a compound is a substance

300

Why are the lanthanide and actinide series elements found under the periodic table?

They do not fit in the periodic table.  If they were put in, the periodic table would be far too wide.
300

What is the difference between malleability and ductility?

malleability means an element can be hammered into thin sheets.  Ductility means elements can be pulled into thin wires.

300

What are the two outcomes for a species if the environment around them changes?

they adapt, or they eventually go extinct.

400

What is the difference between homologous and analogous structures?  Give an example of each.

homologous- same structure, different function

analogous- different structure, same function

400

What is a semiconductor?

an element that can conduct electricity at high temperatures, but not low.

400

List 3 properties of metals.

good conductors, malleable, ductile.

400
Which shows 2 animals are more closely related: having homologous structures or having analogous structures?  Explain.

Having homologous structures shows the animals are more closely related, as they have similar structure but have evolved to use these structures in different ways.

400

How do metallic properties change as you move around the periodic table?

as you go down and to the left, their properties become more metallic.

500

What is the difference between the fossil record and geologic time scale?

fossil record shows all the fossils discovered on Earth.  The geologic time scale uses the fossil record to divide Earth's history into periods and eons.

500

What is the difference of size-dependent and size independent properties?  Give TWO examples of each.

size-dependent properties will change with the size of the object.

ex. mass, volume, weight

size-independent properties will not change with the size of the object.

ex. magnetism, density, conductivity, melting/boiling point

500

What are the names of group 1, 2, 17, and 18 on the periodic table?  

alkali metals

alkaline earth metals

halogens

noble gases

500

What is the difference between relative-age and absolute-age dating? What is each one?

Relative-age dating compares the depth of a fossil relative to the ones around it to determine how old a fossil is compared to others.  It does not give an exact age.  Absolute-age dating is when scientists take the exact age of igneous rock to determine the age of the fossils above or below it.
500

What type of element would you expect to react with sodium? Explain.

a halogen.  Halogens are very reactive, and often react with alkali metals to form salts.