Step 2
Identifying the characteristics of the area of interest will affect friendly and adversary operations.
Purpose of IPB Step 2
Weather can affect ______ and _______.
Friendly and adversary operations
evaluation of geographic information on the natural and manmade features of terrain, combined with other relevant factors
Terrain analysis
A target whose loss to the friendly or adversary commander will significantly contribute to the other combatant's mission success
Key Terrain
Determining how location, functions, capabilities, and consequences of its use can support or hinder the operation.
Structures
Identify how the operational environment influences friendly and adversary COAs by utilizing terrain analysis, effects of weather and light, and refinement of requests for information.
End-state of IPB Step 2
The following are considered as this type of deliverable: Weather forecast chart, light and illumination table, beach landing site weather chart, operational impacts weather chart
IPB/METOC Products
Severely hinders or slows movement in combat formations unless some effort is made to enhance mobility, such as committing engineer assets to improving mobility or deviating from doctrinal tactics (moving in columns instead of line formations or at speeds much lower than those preferred).
Severely Restricted Terrain
Trees, underbrush and tall grass are all examples of this military aspect of terrain.
Concealment
This military aspect of civil considerations identifies non-military personnel who can have a positive, negative, or no impact on military operations.
People
Key categories that get analyzed in order to describe the effects on operations
WET-C (Weather, Enemy, Terrain, Civil Considerations)
The following all fall under this category of IPB Step 2: visibility, wind, precipitation, cloud ceiling, temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, and sea state
The military aspects of weather
Areas where a force is channeled around obstacles. Knowledge of friendly and adversary doctrinal formations. Categorized by the size of the force they can accommodate.
Mobility Cooridoors
Name these two aspects of KOCOA:
1. Weather and terrain affects on the ability to see.
2. Natural or man-made obstructions employed to stop, impede, slow, or divert military movement.
1. Observation
2. Obstacles
Name these two elements of ASCOPE.
1. Groups that may or may not affiliate with government agencies.
2. Routine, cyclical, planned, or spontaneous activities that significantly affect organizations, people, and military operations.
2. Events
Identify the difference between COO and MCOO
The MCOO is the COO with the addition of mobility corridors and avenues of approach.
List 4 impacts temperature can have on military operations.
High temperature: Reduce personnel effectiveness, Habitability of vehicles, lift capability
Low Temperature: degrade battery life of communication systems, require frequent starting of vehicles, increase maintenance of aviation platforms.
List the five military aspects of terrain.
key terrain, obstacles, cover and concealment, observation and fields of fire, and avenues of approach
Observation is weather and
terrain effects on the ability to see.
Fields of fire is observation limited to a specific linear distance based on weapons systems capabilities. A unit’s field of fire is directly related to its ability to observe.
Enhances ability to select objectives; location, movement, control of forces; use of weapons; and protection measures.
Purpose of analysing ASCOPE
This provides a narrative for all of Step Two and describes all of the effects of each aspect of KOCOA.
Terrain Effects Matrix (TEM)
Name these three military aspects of weather.
1. The greatest distance that prominent objects can be seen and identified by the unaided, normal eye.
2. Measured in knots and determined by the air movement rate past a given point and the direction from which it is blowing.
3. Measure in feet and is the height of the highest layer of several scattered cloud layers.
1. Visibility
2. Wind
3.Cloud ceiling
A unit of this size can typically fit through this size mobility corridor: 3km
Brigade
The evaluation of geographic information on the natural and manmade features of the terrain, combined with other relevant factors, to predict the effect of the terrain on friendly and enemy operations. It involves the study and interpretation of natural and manmade features of an area, their effects on military operations, and the effects of weather and climate on these features.
Terrain Analysis
This is the Purpose of ASCOPE
Enhances several aspects of operations: among them, the selection of objectives; location, movement, and control of forces; use of weapons, and protection measures.
PMESII: political, military, economic, social, information, and infrastructure
ASCOPE: areas, structures, capabilities, organization, people, and events
List 6 visibility factors
Sunrise, Sunset, Moonrise, Moonset, Begin Morning Nautical Twilight, Begin Morning Civil Twilight, End Evening Civil Twilight, End Evening Nautical Twilight, Lunar Illumination, Hours of Darkness, Total Darkness
This is a graphic product that portrays the effects of natural and urban terrain on military operations.Normally depicts military significant aspects of the terrain and other aspects of the terrain that can affect mobility (obstacles). These obstacles are defined as unrestricted, restricted, and severely restricted areas on the battlespace.
Modified Combined Obstacle Overlay (MCOO)
air or ground routes used by an attacking force leading to its objective (OBJ). This must provide ease of movement and enough width for dispersion of a force large enough to significantly affect the outcome of the operation.
Avenues of Approach
This acronym helps identify elements necessary to save, sustain, or enhance life.
SWEAT-MSO: Sewer, Water, Electricity, Academic, Trash, Medical, Security, Other