Mechanics
If the net force on an object is zero, its acceleration must be this.
0
Current is defined as the rate of flow of this quantity.
charge
Heat transfer occurs due to this driving force.
What is temperature difference?
Fluid pressure at a point acts in how many directions?
What is all directions equally?
A particle’s position is given by a function whose second derivative is constant and negative. Without solving explicitly, describe the motion of the particle and the shape of its position-time graph.
What is constant negative acceleration, with position following a downward-opening parabola?
A pin support provides reaction forces in how many directions (in 2D)?
What is two directions (x and y)?
In a series circuit, current is this relative to each component.
What is the same through all components?
A process with no heat transfer is called this.
What is adiabatic?
The Reynolds number predicts transition between these two flow regimes.
What are laminar and turbulent flow?
A structure has more unknown reaction forces than available equilibrium equations but does not deform under load. What assumption is being violated in calling it statically indeterminate?
What is the assumption of rigid body behavior (real structures deform, enabling compatibility equations)?
A couple produces rotation without this effect on the body.
What is translation (net force)?
Increasing frequency in an AC circuit decreases the impedance of this component.
What is a capacitor?
Entropy generation is zero for this type of process.
What is a reversible process?
Bernoulli’s equation assumes negligible losses due to this real-world effect.
What is viscosity (friction losses)?
In an AC circuit, increasing frequency causes current to increase while voltage remains constant. Which component dominates and why?
What is a capacitor, because its reactance decreases as frequency increases (Xc = 1/ωC)?
For a rigid body in planar equilibrium, how many independent equilibrium equations are available?
What is three (ΣFx, ΣFy, ΣM)?
Real power in an AC circuit depends on voltage, current, and this factor.
What is the power factor (cos φ)?
The efficiency of a heat engine is limited by the temperatures of these two reservoirs.
What are the hot and cold reservoirs?
As flow velocity increases in a pipe, static pressure generally does this (Bernoulli principle).
What is decrease?
A heat engine operates between two reservoirs, but its efficiency is observed to be greater than the theoretical maximum. What must be true about the analysis or measurement?
What is that there is an error, since no engine can exceed Carnot efficiency?
If a beam is statically indeterminate, this additional type of relationship is required beyond equilibrium equations.
What are compatibility (deformation) equations?
In a purely inductive circuit, the phase angle between voltage and current is this.
What is 90 degrees (current lags voltage)?
This thermodynamic cycle defines the maximum possible efficiency between two temperature limits.
What is the Carnot cycle?
Cavitation occurs when local pressure drops below this property of the fluid.
What is vapor pressure?
Fluid flows from a large tank through a pipe that suddenly narrows. Ignoring losses, explain what happens to velocity and pressure and why this does not violate energy conservation.
What is velocity increases and pressure decreases, with total mechanical energy conserved (Bernoulli principle)?