British Empire
What was the first British colony and when was it colonised by the British?
The first British colony was in Jamestown, Virginia, North America in 1607.
What nationality was Christopher Columbus?
Italian
Name two countries that Spain managed to colonise.
Answer: Your answer could be any two of these: Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela, Puerto Rico, Jamaica, Haiti, Florida, California, Texas, New Mexico, Philippines, Equatorial Guinea, Western Sahara, Morocco, Parts of Italy, Netherlands.
Source:https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780191737671.timeline.0001
Name one cultural impact Christopher Columbus had on the modern world today?
Christopher Columbus broke the separation between The Americas and Europe. The new relationship between The Americas and Europe introduced new foods and ingredients and objects that we wouldn't recognise a culture without. For example, tomatoes were founded after Columbus opened up the Columbian Exchange and in Italian culture, tomatoes are crucial to the culture.
Which important historical figure in India helped free India from British rule in 1947?
Mahatma Gandhi
Name four food items that went from the New World to the Old World?
The Old World gained new crops such as potatoes, sweet potatoes, maize, and cassava, tomatoes, chilli peppers, cacao, peanuts, and pineapples.
Source:https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/nunn/files/nunn_qian_jep_2010.pdf
Give a reason that Spain was motivated to colonise other countries.
Spain colonised other countries for wealth (precious metals such as gold), christianity (they tried to spread christianity to new parts of the world), trade (Spain wanted to control trade routes and find others) and territory (they wanted to expand their land.)
Source:https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/motivations-colonization/
Who was the first person to circumnavigate the entire globe?
Ferdinand Magellan
Give two reasons why the British wanted to start an empire?
The British wanted an empire because:
- The colonies in the Empire would supply Britain with useful and expensive materials such as metals, sugar and tobacco.
- The colonies would provide a place for the less-wealthy and poorer families to live.
- The colonies offered money-making opportunities for the wealthy businessmen.
- Finally, the British wanted an Empire to gain power and assert dominance above the other European countries colonising at that time.
Why were pigs considered to be a pest to the New World people?
They could carry more diseases than other animals and could pass the diseases to the Natives. Not only that but they also trampled the crops that the Natives grew.
Source:https://ipm.ucanr.edu/home-and-landscape/wild-pigs/pest-notes/#gsc.tab=0
Give two cultural impacts that Spain had on Mexico.
The Spanish conquest of Mexico had many cultural impacts including
Language - Spanish is the dominant language in Mexico and replaced lots of indigenous languages.
Religion - Catholicism was brought by Spanish missionaries and became the most prevalent religion (+90% of Mexicans are Catholic in the modern world today)
Social Structure - The Spanish brought over a new social hierarchy which replaced the social structure of the indigenous people before.
Source:https://www.tutorchase.com/notes/ib/history/2-2-7-cultural-impacts-of-the-conquests
Who was the conquistador that conquered the Aztec Empire?
Hernan Cortes was the conquistador that conquered the Aztecs in 1519-1521.
Source:https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Tenochtitlan#:~:text=Hern%C3%A1n%20Cort%C3%A9s%20
Give three examples of valuable materials brought from Africa by the British back to Britain.
Answer: The British took back gold, sugar and ivory from Africa
Give 5 examples of diseases that the Old World were affected by.
The major killers that the natives suffered from include smallpox, measles, whooping cough, chicken pox, bubonic plague, typhus, and malaria.
Source:https://www.kellogg.northwestern.edu/faculty/qian/resources/NunnQianJEP.pdf
Give the two reasons the Spanish were able to conquer the Aztec capital city of Tenochtitlan.
First of all, the Spanish had superior weapons to the Aztecs such as guns, cannons and metal armour. The Aztecs were also hit by a smallpox epidemic that lowered their numbers greatly. The Spanish were not affected by this disease due to immunity that had been built up for centuries which gave them a huge advantage.
Source: https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Tenochtitlan
Who was the first explorer to travel to Australia?
Give an exact definition of the Hola Camp Massacre
The Hola Camp Massacre was a huge massacre that took place in 1959 at the Hola Detention Camp, Kenya in which 11 people were beaten to death and over 60 more were seriously injured.
Source:https://racialjusticenetwork.co.uk/the-hola-massacre-the-last-straw-that-toppled-colonial-kenya/
Give the exact definition of The Great Famine.
In 1845 a strain of water mould which causes blight in potatoes (as well as tomato plants), arrived in Ireland accidentally from North America. The reason why this caused millions of Irish people to die was because the Irish relied on potatoes after they were brought from The Americas in the Columbian Exchange because of how calorically dense they were.
Source:https://www.britannica.com/event/Great-Famine-Irish-history
Give the exact definition of the Night of Sorrows in 1510.
The Night of Sorrows was an important part of the Spanish Colonisation. Hernan Cortez and his Spanish conquistadors and their army were driven out of the Aztec Capital.
Source:https://www.thoughtco.com/the-night-of-sorrows-2136530
Who was the first known explorer?
Hannu, an Egyptian, was the first known explorer. He was traced back to 2750 BCE and was known to have travelled to what is now Ethiopia and brought back many goods.
Source:https://kids.britannica.com/kids/article/exploration/390587