Key Terms
This philosopher’s definition of a tragic hero is often referenced in literary discussions of tragic characters
Aristotle
A tragic hero is usually someone in this type of position, either socially, morally, or economically elevated and whose downfall affects the audience deeply
High status
Winston writes a secret diary which acts as a rebellious act against the Party. This is a dangerous, personal decision to hold onto his thoughts.
Internal conflict
This term refers to the tragic hero’s downfall, which is often inevitable and caused by their own flaw
Hamartia
This final stage in a tragic hero's arc involves not just defeat, but a complete loss of identity, purpose, or humanity
Tragic downfall
Winston and Julia are captured by the Thought Police after betraying their secret relationship. This marks a sharp shift in Winston’s fate.
Reversal of fortune or Peripeteia
The emotional release the audience experiences after witnessing the tragic hero’s downfall, which may evoke both pity and fear
Catharsis
This flaw or error of judgment in the tragic hero leads to their eventual downfall
Fatal flaw or hamartia
In his diary, Winston writes, “If there is hope, it lies in the proles.” He believes that the working class holds the key to overthrowing the Party.
Fatal flaw or Hamartia
According to Aristotle, this moment is when the tragic hero experiences a sudden reversal of fortune, going from good to bad
Peripeteia
The tragic hero’s internal struggle between competing desires or beliefs is known as this
Internal conflict
After enduring severe torture, Winston is mentally broken and comes to the realization that he loves Big Brother, fully accepting the Party's control.
Recognition or Anagnorisis
This term refers to the tragic hero's recognition of their flaw or the reality of their situation
Anagnorisis
This moment in a tragedy occurs when the hero comes to understand a critical truth about themselves, their circumstances, or the forces around them, often too late to prevent the tragic outcome.
Recognition or Anagnorisis
After being captured and tortured, Winston is mentally and physically broken. During his torture in the Ministry of Love, he begs for Julia to be tortured instead of him.
Tragic Downfall - Not physical but spiritual