:D
What is the definition of environment?
a. The area immediately surrounding an organism or person
b. the conditions and factors surrounding an organism, including living and nonliving elements
c. the sum total of all human activities on Earth
d. the study of human impacts on natural systems
e. the weather patterns in a specific region
b. the conditions and factors surrounding an organism, including living and nonliving elements
Which environmental systems would be most relevant to use of Mono Lake's waters by the population of Los Angles?
a. Atmospheric system
b. salt-balance system
c. Natural water system
d. water use system
e. ecological system
d. water use system
What is overshoot in the context of system dynamics?
a. Exceeding the stable set point of a system
b. responding quickly to signals
c. maintaining a stable set point
d. experiencing a delay in signal transmission
e. achieving equilibrium in a system
a. Exceeding the stable set point of a system
Since 1975, technological improvements have increased the fuel efficiency of most cars in the United States from an average of ______ miles per gallon to more than _____ miles per gallon by 2021.
a. eighteen; forty
b. twenty; fifty
c. five; twenty
d. thirteen; thirty
e. eight; twenty-two
d. thirteen; thirty
How did the withdrawal of water by Los Angeles from Mono Lake tributaries impact the lake system?
a. Dropped lake level by forty feet in forty years
b. no impact on the lakes system
c. increased lake level
d. decreased salt concentration
e. decreased evaporation
a. Dropped lake level by forty feet in forty years
What is the significance of the human component in environmental systems?
a. It shows that environmental systems are primarily natural and exclude human influence
b. it indicates that humans are unaffected by environmental changes
c. it suggest that environmental systems are a recent human invention
d. it underscores how human activities intersect with and impact environmental systems
e. it proves that humans societal structures have no role in environmental science
d. it underscores how human activities intersect with and impact environmental systems
What percentage of all meat and fist is consumed by the wealthiest twenty percent of the world population?
a. 58%
b. 20%
c. 5%
d. 45%
e. 84%
d. 45%
The United Nation projects that world population will level off somewhere between how many billion people by the year 2150?
a. 3 and 5 billion
b. 4 and 6 billion
c. 10 and 14 billion
d. 5 and 8 billion
e. 8 and 12 billion
e. 8 and 12 billion
In the context of system analysis, a flux represents _________.
a. balance
b. rate of flow
c. inputs
d. change in the pool of resources
e. outputs
d. change in the pool of resources
What does a negative feedback loop typically do to a system variable?
a. brings it back to a starting point
b. increases the variability of the variable
c. keeps it continuously moving away from the stable point
d. causes a continuous increase in the variable
e. maintains it at a constant level
a. brings it back to a starting point
Historically, ecologist considered ecosystems that has exhibited no temportal trend between ecosystems inputs and outputs to be in
a. Steady state
b. equilibrium
c. disarray
d. redox
e. symbiosis
a. Steady state
In agriculture, what does the term intensity refer to?
a. Diversity of crops grown
b. number of crops grown
c. amount of water used
d.amount of food grown per unit of land
e. number of pesticides applies
d.amount of food grown per unit of land
Gains have been made in saving which species the MOST, according to the USAD science Resource guide?
a. bengal tiger
b. snow leopard
c. American bison
d. peregrine falcon
e. west Indian manatee
c. American bison
Over what period have global temperatures an atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide and methane fluctuated frequently?
a. past 160,000 years
b. past 10,000 years
c. past 100 years
d. past 1 million years
e. past 10 million years
a. past 160,000 years
What is mean residence time (MRT)?
a. the timer required for a pollutant to accumulate in a reservoir
b. the average amount of time a quantity of a variable stays in a given pool
c. the time taken for a system to reach steady state
d. how often water is exchanged in a given water body
e. the rate which a pollutant interacts with sediment in a reservoir
b. the average amount of time a quantity of a variable stays in a given pool
How does a positive feedback look differ from a negative feedback loop?
a. It causes a continuous decrease in the variable
b. It continuously moves the system variable away from the stable point
c. it maintains the system variable at a constant level
d. it has no effect on the system variable
e. it brings the system variable back to a starting point
b. It continuously moves the system variable away from the stable point
Whats helps scientist determine the concentration of chemical elements that existed on Earth in ancient times?
a. Measurement of ice layers in Greenland and Antarctica
b. analysis of fossil records
c. examination of sediment layers in oceans
d. study of rock formation
e. observation of atmospheric changes
a. Measurement of ice layers in Greenland and Antarctica
Which human development state is particularly sensitive to lead exposure?
a. elderly
b. adolescence
c. fetuses and children
d. adulthood
e. teenagers
c. fetuses and children
What was the consequence of the increased salinity in Mono Lake?
a. faster growth of algae population
b. slower growth of algae population due to reduced nitrogen uptake
c. expansion of bird populations
d. accelerated nitrogen uptake by algae
e. decreased food supply for flies and shrimp
b. slower growth of algae population due to reduced nitrogen uptake
What is the primary factor contributing to the increase in salt concentration in Mono Lake?
a. absence of sodium in the tributaries
b. continual input of salts from tributaries combined with evaporation
c. decrease in salt input from tributaries
d.increase in outflow
e. decrease in evaporation
b. continual input of salts from tributaries combined with evaporation
What is the primary source of energy for the photosynthetic algae in Mono Lake's ecological system?
a. Sun's light
b. Brine Shrimp
c. Gulls
d. Flies
e. Excretions from other organisms
a. Sun's light
What term do systems analysts use to describe the balance of a system?
a. output
b. pool
c. flow
d. input
e. flux
b. pool
What term describes the phenomenon where a population exceeds its carrying capacity, leading subsequent dramatic decline?
a. overshoot
b. carrying capacity
c. population equilibrium
d. overpopulation
e. population growth
a. overshoot
Which gases are commonly referred to as a greenhouse gasses?
a. Hydrogen and helium
b. carbon dioxide and methane
c. nitrogen and oxygen
d. sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides
e. water vapor and ozone
b. carbon dioxide and methane
What type of feedback look is described when a gambler continues to bet more money as they lose?
a. Stable feedback loop
b. balanced feedback loop
c. positive feedback loop
d. circular feedback loop
e. negative feedback loop
c. positive feedback loop