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Natural Selection
Contributions to Darwin's Theory
Evidences
Mechanisms of Evolution
Darwin
100
In order for natural selection to occur, there must be what within the population?
What is genetic (heritable) variation?
100
In _____________ human breeders, rather than the environment, select the variations of traits to be passed to offspring.
What is artificial selection?
100
These are the preserved traces of living things.
What are fossils?
100
Any kind of inherited trait that improves an organism's chances of survival and reproduction in a given environment.
What is an adaptation?
100
This was the ship Darwin took his famous voyage on.
What is the HMS Beagle?
200
Organisms often have more ____________ than will survive.
What are offspring?
200
Slang term that descibes how organisms that posess the best traits or adaptations for a particutlar environment are the ones that will successfully pass down their traits to their offspring.
What is "survival of the fittest?"
200
This is what we call similar body parts on dissimilar organisms (such as human arms, bat wings, whale flippers, and cat legs) that can be evidence for a common ancestor?
What are homologous structures?
200
What are two kinds of adaptations?
What are physical / genetic adaptations, and behavioral / cultural adaptations?
200
This book, written by Charles Darwin, is considered to be the foundation of the theory of evolution.
What is On the Origin of Species (by means of Natural Selection)?
300
When organisms struggle to get their fair share of a limited amount of resources.
What is competition?
300
Who proposed that if the human population continued to grow unchecked, sooner or later there would be insufficient living space and food for everyone?
Who was Thomas Malthus?
300
These are biological structures that no longer serve their original purpose.
What are vestigial structures?
300
What is the ultimate source of all genetic variation?
What are mutations?
300
How did the finches and the tortoises that Darwin observed on the Galapagos Islands influence his thinking?
He began to think that the different finch and tortoise species had evolved from a single finch and a single tortoise population from the mainland. This led to the idea of natural selection.
400
The climate of a certain area is cold, has a population of fox, and snow is found on the ground most of the year. Equal numbers of two populations of rabbits are introduced into this climate by a group of scientists. One of the populations is brown and the other is white. Over several generations, this will happen.
What is there will be more white rabbits than brown rabbits?
400
Even though he was one of the first to propose biological change over time, what was inaccurate with Jean Baptiste Lamarck's explanation of how giraffe's longer necks were passed down to offspring?
What is the idea of use and disuse? Or what is the passing of ACQUIRED traits to offspring, instead of the passing of GENETIC traits of offspring based on differential reproductive success?
400
This is the study of when organisms in separate environments (ex: on different continents) originated from a common ancestor.
What is biogeography?
400
As a populations’ habitat changes over time, a species with a high level of variation would have this.
What is a better chance of survival?
400
The species of finches that Darwin found on the Galapagos Islands displayed different structural adaptations. One of the adaptations that Darwin noted was the …
What are different shape beaks?
500
This is the accumulation of heritable traits over generations.
What is evolution?
500
This is the most modern line of evidence and the most powerful support for the theory of evolution
What are biochemical similarities (comparing DNA and proteins)?
500
List 5 of the evidences of evolution
What are #1 - Fossil Record #2 - Biogeography #3 - Biochemical Similarities (DNA) #4 - Comparative Anatomy (Homology) #5 - Vestigial Structures #6 - Embryology #7 - Artificial Selection
500
This is when separation by islands, a large river, canyon or other barrier can cause populations of organisms to develop different species.
What is geographic isolation?
500
Along with Darwin, he founded modern evolutionary thought.
Who is Alfred Russel Wallace?