Potpourri
What are the three caliphates of Islam between 632 and 1258?
Rashidun (632-661)
Umayyad (661-750)
Abbasid (750-1258)
Where and when was Muhammad born?
Mecca, ~570
What does "Islam" translate to mean?
"submission," or "surrender"
What city and "house" lay at the heart of the Islamic intellectual renaissance?
Baghdad, House of Wisdom
Naming two cities, what was the hegira
Muhammad's "flight" from Mecca to Medina
After the death of Muhammad, what was the "dilemma" that his followers faced, how did they divide, and whom did they support?
Sunnis - caliph should be a scholar, Abu Bakr
Shia - caliph should be from Muhammad, Ali
Hashemite, Quraysh
What two religions do Muslims share their God, and what are the three different names for that god?
Judaism: Yahweh
Christianity: Jehovah
Islam: Allah
What was the main project of Muslim scholars in the 7th and 8th century?
What city did the Muslims take in 638, creating a conflict between the Abrahamic Religions?
Jerusalem
What was the importance of the Battle of Karbala, and when did it occur?
680, Schism between Sunni & Shia
What occurred at the Battle of Badr in 624?
Muhammad defeated the superior forces of the Quraysh
What are the five main teachings of Islam?
The five Pillars of Islam The Profession of Faith- The Shahada. The Profession of faith, the Shahada is the most fundamental expression of Islamic beliefs.
What are three discoveries or innovations in medicine made by Muslims in the 7th century?
"germ theory," hospitals, cataract surgery, anatomy studies
In what year did Muslim armies cross the Strait of Gibraltar, and into what peninsula?
711, Iberian Peninsula
What is the Islamic Shrine in Jerusalem
Dome of the Rock
Why did Muhammad go to the desert, and what happened there?
610 CE, angry over the Quraysh in Mecca, Archangel Gabriel brought him revelations
What other rules are Muslims supposed to follow?
no pork, alcohol, gambling, lying
Under what caliph did the "golden age" of intellectual studies occur?
Harun al Rashid
What event occurred in 732, defining the borders of the Islamic world?
Charles Martel and the Franks stopped Islamic expansion at Tours, France (Battle of Poitiers)
Who was the greatest of the Mughal monarchs
Origin of Islam: According to Secular History. The origin of Islam can be traced back to 7th century Saudi Arabia.
Who were Muhammad's first followers, and what is that community called?
ummah: Ali, Abu Bakr, Uthman, Umar
What are the chapters of the Quran called, and what do they teach?
Surahs
Surah I: "the Opening"
Surah II" Mercy and Jihad
What were at least two technological innovations that allowed farther travels over the water?
Astrolabe, compass, maps, dhow, lateen sails
In 1258, what city did the Mongols conquer, and what caliphate did this end?
Baghdad, Abbasid Caliphate