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Origins of Islam
The spread of Islam
Al-Andalus
100
Who first started preaching Islam, and how old was he then?
Muhammad. He was 40 years old.
100

What is jihad?

Holy war
100

What was the name of the Muslim ruler and his general that defeated the Visigoth King?


Musa and Tariq

200
What and when was the Hegira?

It was when Muhammad escaped to Medina from the merchants in Mecca.

It happened in 622

200
Name the three Caliphates and their capitals

Orthodox; Medina

Umayyad; Damascus

Abbasid; Baghdad

200

When did the Muslims cross over to the Iberian Peninsula, and why did they come?

They crossed over in 711 because one faction of Visigoths asked for help from them

300
What are the five pillars of Islam? Explain each of them briefly

Faith - monotheism

Prayer - pray 5 times a day

Pilgrimage - go to Mecca at least once

Fasting - no eating and drinking during the day in Ramadan

Charity - give to the poor

300
How did the Orthodox Caliphate and the Umayyad Caliphate choose their leaders?
Muhammad's family chose the caliphs in the Orthodox Caliphate, while the Umayyad family made the caliph position hereditary.
300
How much of the Iberian Peninsula did the Muslims conquer? Were there any parts that they didn't occupy?
Nearly all of the Peninsula, except the north-west. It had a very different climate from the Mediterranean climate that they preferred.
400
What do Muslims visit in Mecca? What is in the place that they visit there?
The Kaaba in the Grand Mosque. It contains the Black Stone, which Muslims believe is a piece of Heaven that fell to Earth
400

What were the different officials called?

Caliph – leader (political and religious)


Viziers – ministers


Qadis – judges of Islamic law


Walis – provincial governors


Emirs – princes or nobles



400

Who is Abd al-Rahman, and what did he do?

He was an Umayyad prince that escaped to the Iberian Peninsula, where he founded the independent Emirate of Córdoba in 756