people
the last prophet in Islam
Muhammad
Mecca
a follower of Islam
creates uncertainty about what direction Islam should go in
death of Muhammad
Islam's guiding principles
5 pillars of faith
Shiite Muslims believe he should have succeeded Muhammad
Ali
capital city of the Byzantine Empire
Constantinople
Islam
implements Arabic as the Islam empires primary language
Ummayad
government that is ruled by a religion
theocracy
conquers Constantinople
Mehmet II
Islam's capital in Iraq during the Abbasid caliphate
Baghdad
the central text of Islam
Qur'an
a pilgrimage to Mecca taken at least once during a Muslim's life
Hajj
a common characteristic of Judaism, Islam, and Christianity
monotheism
Muhammad's first wife
Kadijah
a mosque that was once the Byzantine Empire's largest cathedral
Hagia Sophia
a large library where scholars translated various works
House of Wisdom
Muhammad's exodus from Mecca
Hijrah
a characteristic of Islam concerning treatment of conquered peoples
religious toleration
the first successor to Muhammad
Abu Bakr
a region that is intersected by three continents
Arabian peninsula
an innovation that gives the Ottomans an advantage in war
gunpowder
oversees the Islamic empire during its golden age
Abbasid
the primary objective of the Islamic empire
expansion
Osman I
Muhammad flees persecution by going here
Medina
a group of leaders following Muhammad
caliphate
the result of Mehmet II's attack in 1453 CE
fall of Constantinople
means 'struggle', sometimes invoking the use violence
jihad