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Islam
Contributions
The Crusades
100
The first pillar of Islam
What is submission to God? 'There is no God but God and Muhammed is his prophet'.
100
Muslim contributions in this area include polo and chess.
What are Muslim contributions in Recreation?
100
Seljuk Turks advanced to within 100 miles of Constantinople, causing alarm within the Byzantine empire, whose patriarch asked the Pope to raise armies under the pretext that they would be protecting the Holy Lands.
What is the root cause for the Crusades?
200
The holy book that contains the passages that the angel Gabriel made Muhammed memorize and preach and the holy book that contains a telling of the words and deeds of Muhammed that is held up as an example to Muslims
What is the Q'uran and Sunnah?
200
Conservation of Greek Philosophy and production of new intellectual works, and establishing universities in Baghdad, Cordoba and Cairo.
What is the Muslim contributions to Scholarship and Learning?
200
This city is holy to Jews because it was their ancestral home before the Romans expelled them, holy to the Christians because Jesus died and was resurrected here and holy to the Muslims because it is where Muhammed ascended to heaven during his 'night journey'
What is Jerusalem?
300
Concept of struggle which takes two forms, large jihad which is one's personal struggle to follow Islam and small jihad which is concerned with injustices in the world
What is jihad?
300
Making maps and inventing instruments that help people to know where they are in the world, such as the astrolab.
What is the Muslim contribution to Geography and Navigation?
300
The result of this war was that Western armies from France were able to establish four kingdoms in the Holy Land.
What is the first Crusade?
400
Law based on interpretations of the Q'uran and the Sunnah. Some interpretations seem very strict in the West.
What is Shari'ah law?
400
Creation of markets for books and production of stories still told today such as '1001 nights'.
What is the Muslim contribution to Bookmaking and Literature?
400
In the last major crusade (the third crusade) the name of the two opposing leaders who fought to a standstill outside of Jerusalem and then signed a truce.
Who is Richard the Lion Hearted and Saladin?
500
praying five times a day, fasting, almsgiving and pilgrimage to Mecca
What is the second, third, fourth and fifth pillar of Islam?
500
Invention of algebra, current system for writing numerals, and spreading of the useful concept of the zero.
What is the Muslim contribution to Mathematics?
500
Muslims eventually recuperated territory, but lost many lives and developed a deep mistrust of the West. Christians benefited from absorbing advanced cultural features from the Muslims and maturing politically, economically and militarily. Jews, as a people suffered the most being killed in the holy lands and oppressed and expelled from European nations.
What were the effects of the Crusades on Muslims, Christians and Jews?